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python自动开发之第十九天

一、路由系统,URL
  1、函数及类

    函数:url(r‘^index/‘, views.index),     

    类:url(r‘^home/‘, views.Home.as_view()),
  2、顺序

    url(r‘^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html‘, views.detail),
  3、字典

    url(r‘^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail)
  PS:
    def detail(request, *args,**kwargs):
      pass

  实战:
  a.
    url(r‘^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html‘, views.detail),
    def func(request, nid, uid):
      pass

    def func(request, *args):
      args = (2,9)

    def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
      args = (2,9)

  b.
  url(r‘^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail)
    def func(request, nid, uid):
      pass

    def funct(request, **kwargs):
      kwargs = {‘nid‘: 1, ‘uid‘: 3}

      def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
        args = (2,9)
  4、 name

  对URL路由关系进行命名, ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****

    url(r‘^asdfasdfasdf/‘, views.index, name=‘i1‘),
    url(r‘^yug/(\d+)/(\d+)/‘, views.index, name=‘i2‘),
    url(r‘^buy/(?P<pid>\d+)/(?P<nid>\d+)/‘, views.index, name=‘i3‘),

    def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
      from django.urls import reverse

    url1 = reverse(‘i1‘) # asdfasdfasdf/
    url2 = reverse(‘i2‘, args=(1,2,)) # yug/1/2/
    url3 = reverse(‘i3‘, kwargs={‘pid‘: 1, "nid": 9}) # buy/1/9/


    xxx.html

    {% url "i1" %} # asdfasdfasdf/
    {% url "i2" 1 2 %} # yug/1/2/
    {% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %} # buy/1/9/

    注:
      # 当前的URL
      request.path_info
  5、多级路由

    project/urls.py
    from django.conf.urls import url,include
    from django.contrib import admin

    urlpatterns = [
      url(r‘^cmdb/‘, include("app01.urls")),
      url(r‘^monitor/‘, include("app02.urls")),
    ]

    app01/urls.py
    from django.conf.urls import url,include
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app01 import views

    urlpatterns = [
      url(r‘^login/‘, views.login),
    ]

    app02/urls.py
    from django.conf.urls import url,include
    from django.contrib import admin
    from app02 import views    urlpatterns = [      url(r‘^login/‘, views.login),    ]


  6、默认值(欠)

  7、命名空间(欠)


二、视图
  1、获取用户请求数据
    request.GET
    request.POST
    request.FILES
    PS:
      GET:获取数据
      POST:提交数据

  2、checkbox等多选的内容
    request.POST.getlist()
  3、上传文件
    # 上传文件,form标签做特殊设置
    obj = request.FILES.get(‘fafafa‘)
    obj.name
    f = open(obj.name, mode=‘wb‘)
    for item in obj.chunks():
    f.write(item)
    f.close()

  4、FBV & CBV
    function base view
    url.py
      index -> 函数名
    view.py
      def 函数(request):
      ...
    ====》
    /index/ -> 函数名
    /index/ -> 类    

    ====》
    建议:两者都用

  5、装饰器
    欠


三、ORM操作
    select * from tb where id > 1
    # 对应关系
    models.tb.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
    models.tb.objects.filter(id=1)
    models.tb.objects.filter(id__lt=1)

  创建类

  a. 先写类
    from django.db import models

    # app01_userinfo
      class UserInfo(models.Model):
    # id列,自增,主键
    # 用户名列,字符串类型,指定长度
      username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
      password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

  b. 注册APP

    INSTALLED_APPS = [
      ‘django.contrib.admin‘,
      ‘django.contrib.auth‘,
      ‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘,
      ‘django.contrib.sessions‘,
      ‘django.contrib.messages‘,
      ‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘,
      ‘app01‘,
    ]
  c. 执行命令
    python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py migrate

  d. ********** 注意 ***********
    Django默认使用MySQLdb模块链接MySQL
    主动修改为pymysql,在project同名文件夹下的__init__文件中添加如下代码即可:
    import pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

  1. 根据类自动创建数据库表
    # app下的models.py
      python manage.py makemigrations
      python manage.py migrate


  字段:
  字符串类型
  数字
  时间
  二进制
  自增(primary_key=True)
  字段的参数:
    null -> db是否可以为空
    default -> 默认值
    primary_key -> 主键
    db_column -> 列名
    db_index -> 索引
    unique -> 唯一索引
    unique_for_date ->
    unique_for_month
    unique_for_year
    auto_now -> 创建时,自动生成时间
    auto_now_add -> 更新时,自动更新为当前时间

  # obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).update(caption=‘CEO‘)
  # obj = UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first()
  # obj.caption = "CEO"
  # obj.save()

  choices -> django admin中显示下拉框,避免连表查询
  blank -> django admin是否可以为空
  verbose_name -> django admin显示字段中文
  editable -> django admin是否可以被编辑
  error_messages -> 错误信息欠
  help_text -> django admin提示
  validators -> django form ,自定义错误信息(欠)


  创建 Django 用户:python manage.py createsuperuser

  2. 根据类对数据库表中的数据进行各种操作
    一对多:
    a. 外键
    b.
    外键字段_id
    c.
    models.tb.object.create(name=‘root‘, user_group_id=1)
    d.
    userlist = models.tb.object.all()
    for row in userlist:
    row.id
    row.user_group_id
    row.user_group.caption

 

python自动开发之第十九天