$/home/lhl/az/pg/bin/pg_ctl --helppg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server.Usage:  pg_ctl init[db]               [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o "OPTIONS"]  pg_ctl start   [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o "OPTIONS"]  pg_ctl stop    [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]  pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]                 [-o "OPTIONS"]  pg_ctl reload  [-D DATADIR] [-s]  pg_ctl status  [-D DATADIR]  pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-s]  pg_ctl kill    SIGNALNAME PIDCommon options:  -D, --pgdata=http://www.mamicode.com/DATADIR   location of the database storage area  -s, --silent           only print errors, no informational messages  -t, --timeout=SECS     seconds to wait when using -w option  -V, --version          output version information, then exit  -w                     wait until operation completes  -W                     do not wait until operation completes  -?, --help             show this help, then exit(The default is to wait for shutdown, but not for start or restart.)If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used.Options for start or restart:  -c, --core-files       allow postgres to produce core files  -l, --log=FILENAME     write (or append) server log to FILENAME  -o OPTIONS             command line options to pass to postgres                         (PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb  -p PATH-TO-POSTGRES    normally not necessaryOptions for stop or restart:  -m, --mode=MODE        MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate"Shutdown modes are:  smart       quit after all clients have disconnected  fast        quit directly, with proper shutdown  immediate   quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart

pg_ctl start -D pgdata

pg_ctl stop -D pgdata
orpg_ctl stop -m fast -D pgdata