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Oracle系列:(15)集合查询
使用并集运算,查询20号部门或30号部门的员工信息
select * from emp where deptno = 20 union select * from emp where deptno = 30;
注意:
union:二个集合中,如果都有相同的,取其一
union all:二个集合中,如果都有相同的,都取
使用set time/timing on,打开时间的开关
set time on; set time off;
使用set time/timing off,关闭时间的开关
set timing on; set timint off;
使用交集运算[intersect],查询工资在1000-2000和1500-2500之间的员工信息(方式一)
select * from emp where sal between 1000 and 2000 intersect select * from emp where sal between 1500 and 2500;
用where行过滤,查询工资在1000-2000和1500-2500之间的员工信息(方式二)
select * from emp where (sal between 1000 and 2000) and (sal between 1500 and 2500);
使用差集运算[minus],查询工资在1000-2000,但不在1500-2500之间的员工信息(方式一)
select * from emp where sal between 1000 and 2000 minus select * from emp where sal between 1500 and 2500;
使用where行过滤,查询工资在1000-2000,但不在1500-2500之间的员工信息(方式二)
select * from emp where (sal between 1000 and 2000) and (sal not between 1500 and 2500);
集合查询的细节:
1)集合操作时,必须确保集合列数是相等的
select empno,ename,sal,comm from emp where deptno = 20
union
select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno = 30;错
2)集合操作时,必须确保集合列类型对应相同
select empno,ename,sal,comm from emp where deptno = 20
union
select empno,ename,sal,hiredate from emp where deptno = 30;错
3)A union B union C = C union B union A
select * from emp where deptno = 10
union
select * from emp where deptno = 20
union
select * from emp where deptno = 30;
4)当多个集合操作时,结果的列名由第一个集合列名决定
select empno "编号",ename "姓名",sal "薪水" from emp where deptno = 20 union select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno = 10;
当多表查询,子查询,集合查询都能完成同样任务时,按如下优化方案选择: 多表查询->子查询->集合查询 |
Oracle系列:(15)集合查询