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BaseAdapter中重写getview的心得以及发现convertView回收的机制

2024-07-18 20:29:50 217人阅读

转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/pkxiuluo01/article/details/7380974

以前一直在用BaseAdapter，对于其中的getview方法的重写一直不太清楚。今天终于得以有空来探究它的详细机制。
下面先讲讲我遇到的几个问题：
一.View getview(int position, View convertview, ViewGroup parent )中的第二个参数是什么含义；
二.View的SetTag和getTag方法的用途；
先来解决第一个问题:
android SDK中这样讲参数 convertview ：
the old view to reuse, if possible. Note: You should check that this view is non-null and of an appropriate type before using.

If it is not possible to convert this view to display the correct data, this method can create a new view.
翻译：
如果可以的话，这是旧View（这里不便翻译有的人翻成视图）的重用。建议：在用之前，你应该检查这个View是
不是非空，是不是一个合适的类型。
如果不可能让这个VIew去显示一个恰当的数据，这个方法会创建一个新的View。

如果我们要做的是一个ListView，在手机上显示的只有那么几条Item，而整个ListView可能有很长，可能是100条
甚至是上万条，总不能让这么多条Item都驻留在内存中，所以android为你准备了一套机制，就是Recycler(反复循
环器)，他的具体工作原理可以到 http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html去看。
但是有些地方他没有讲清，所以我再讲一下。先把代码贴出来
布局文件main.xml

[java] view plaincopy

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ListView
android:id="@+id/result"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:cacheColorHint="#00000000" >
</ListView>
</LinearLayout>

此处注意ListView的android:layout_height属性值为"fill_paternt",如果为“wrap_content"将会是另一种情况

adapter的代码ListViewAdapter.java

[java] view plaincopy

class ListViewAdapter extends BaseAdapter
{
private Context mContext;
int i=0;
public ListViewAdapter (Context context)
{
this.mContext=context;
}
@Override
public int getCount()
{
return 30;
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position)
{
return position;
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position)
{
return 0;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent)
{
System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView);//调试语句
Holder holder;
if(null==convertView)
{
holder=new Holder();
convertView=LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.textview, null); //mContext指的是调用的Activtty
holder.textView=(TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textview);
convertView.setTag(holder);
}
else
{
holder=(Holder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText("position: "+position);
return convertView;
}
class Holder
{
public TextView textView;
}
}

运行程序之后发现屏幕上显示出的Item的convertview都为空，向下滑动新产生的Item的convetview都不为空。到此为止和上面链接中讲的是一致的，但是如果设置ListView的android:layout_height属性值为“wrap_content

之后，发现只有第一个Item的convertview为null其他的不为空。

虽然两种设置不同，结果也不同，但是convertview的机制没有变。

其实到此为止我们可以总结出convertview的机制了，就是在初始显示的时候，每次显示一个item都调用一次getview方法但是每次调用的时候covertview为空（因为还没有旧的view），当显示完了之后。如果屏幕移动了之后，并且导致有些Item（也可以说是view）跑到屏幕外面，此时如果还有新的item需要产生，则这些item显示时调用的getview方法中的convertview参数就不是null，而是那些移出屏幕的view（旧view），我们所要做的就是将需要显示的item填充到这些回收的view（旧view）中去，最后注意convertview为null的不仅仅是初始显示的那些item，还有一些是已经开始移入屏幕但是还没有view被回收的那些item。

最终我们用亲手写的代码实现了Recycler(反复循环器).

第二个问题其实应该在第一个问题中嵌套来讲，但是为了思路清晰我分开了：

view的setTag和getTag方法其实很简单，在实际编写代码的时候一个view不仅仅是为了显示一些字符串、图片，有时我们还需要他们携带一些其他的数据以便我们对该view的识别或者其他操作。于是android 的设计者们就创造了setTag(Object)方法来存放一些数据和view绑定，我们可以理解为这个是view 的标签也可以理解为view 作为一个容器存放了一些数据。而这些数据我们也可以通过getTag() 方法来取出来。

到这里setTag和getTag大家应该已经明白了。再回到上面的话题，我们通过convertview的setTag方法和getTag方法来将我们要显示的数据来绑定在convertview上。如果convertview 是第一次展示我们就创建新的Holder对象与之绑定，并在最后通过return convertview 返回，去显示；如果convertview 是回收来的那么我们就不必创建新的holder对象，只需要把原来的绑定的holder取出加上新的数据就行了。

附：文中提到的未介绍透彻的另一个帖子：

http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html

ListView中getView的原理＋如何在ListView中放置多个item

工作原理:

ListView 针对List中每个item，要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
一个新的视图被返回并显示

如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办？为每个项目创建一个新视图？NO!这不可能！

实际上Android为你缓存了视图。

Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件，下图是他的工作原理：

如果你有10亿个项目(item)，其中只有可见的项目存在内存中，其他的在Recycler中。
ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
当item1滚出屏幕，并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时，ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了，它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView，不必重新创建一个视图。

请看下面的示例代码，这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出

public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {

private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();

for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {

mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);

}

setListAdapter(mAdapter);

}

private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

private ArrayList mData = http://www.mamicode.com/new ArrayList();

private LayoutInflater mInflater;

public MyCustomAdapter() {

mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

}

public void addItem(final String item) {

mData.add(item);

notifyDataSetChanged();

}

@Override

public int getCount() {

return mData.size();

}

@Override

public String getItem(int position) {

return mData.get(position);

}

@Override

public long getItemId(int position) {

return position;

}

@Override

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView);

ViewHolder holder = null;

if (convertView == null) {

convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);

holder = new ViewHolder();

holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);

convertView.setTag(holder);

} else {

holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();

}

holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));

return convertView;

}

public static class ViewHolder {

public TextView textView;

}

执行程序，然后在Logcat中查看日志

getView 被调用 9 次，convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值（如下）

02-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null

02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null

02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null

02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null

02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null

02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null

02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null

02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null

02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null

然后稍微向下滚动List，直到item10出现：

convertView仍然是空值，因为recycler中没有视图（item1的边缘仍然可见，在顶端）

02-05 13:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9 null

再滚动List

convertView不是空值了！item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了，然后item11被创建

02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

再滚动：

02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0

02-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8

02-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8

02-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820

02-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048

02-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870

02-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098

02-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0

02-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0

02-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

convertView 如我们所期待的非空了，在item11离开屏幕之后，它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了

不同的项目布局(item layout)

我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子，在上例的list中加入一些分隔线

你需要做这些:

重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
根据view item的类型，在getView中创建正确的convertView

以下是代码：

100

public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {

private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();

for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {

mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);

if (i % 4 == 0) {

mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i);

}

setListAdapter(mAdapter);

}

private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0;

private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1;

private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;

private ArrayList mData = http://www.mamicode.com/new ArrayList();

private LayoutInflater mInflater;

private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet();

public MyCustomAdapter() {

mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);

}

public void addItem(final String item) {

mData.add(item);

notifyDataSetChanged();

}

public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) {

mData.add(item);

// save separator position

mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1);

notifyDataSetChanged();

}

@Override

public int getItemViewType(int position) {

return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;

}

@Override

public int getViewTypeCount() {

return TYPE_MAX_COUNT;

}

@Override

public int getCount() {

return mData.size();

}

@Override

public String getItem(int position) {

return mData.get(position);

}

@Override

public long getItemId(int position) {

return position;

}

@Override

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {

ViewHolder holder = null;

int type = getItemViewType(position);

System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type);

if (convertView == null) {

holder = new ViewHolder();

switch (type) {

case TYPE_ITEM:

convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);

holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);

break;

case TYPE_SEPARATOR:

convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);

holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);

break;

}

convertView.setTag(holder);

} else {

holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();

}

holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));

return convertView;

}

public static class ViewHolder {

public TextView textView;

}

运行程序，你会看到每4个item一个分割线

看看日志，无异常，所有的convertView都是空的

02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 1

02-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1

滚动list：

02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 0

02-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 0

02-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 0

02-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 0

02-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 1

02-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 0

02-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 0

02-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 0

02-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 0

02-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 1

02-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 0

02-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0

convertView对于分割线是空的，直到第一个分割线可见，当其离开屏幕，视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。

本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296

附2：上文的英文原文

http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296

ListView and Adapter Basics

How it works:

ListView asks adapter “give me a view” (getView) for each item of the list
A new View is returned and displayed

Next question – what if we have one billion items? Create new view for each item? The answer is NO:-) Android caches views for you.

There’s a component in Android called “Recycler”. I drawed a picture based on Romain Guy presentation at Google IO ’09.

ListView recycler

If you have 1 billion items – there are only visible items in the memory + view in recycler.
ListView asks for a view type1 first time (getView) x visible items. convertView is null in getView – you create new view of type1 and return it.
ListView asks for a view type1 when one item1 is outside of the window and new item the same type is comming from the bottom. convertView is not null = item1. You should just set new data and return convertView back. No need to create view again.

Let’s write a simple code and put System.out to the getView:

public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {     private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;     @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {            mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);        }        setListAdapter(mAdapter);    }     private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {         private ArrayList mData = http://www.mamicode.com/new ArrayList();"getView " + position + " " + convertView);            ViewHolder holder = null;            if (convertView == null) {                convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);                holder = new ViewHolder();                holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);                convertView.setTag(holder);            } else {                holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();            }            holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));            return convertView;        }     }     public static class ViewHolder {        public TextView textView;    }}

Run the program and see what happens:

list view scroll 1

getView was called 9 times. convertView is null for all visible items

02-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null

Then scroll the list slightly down (until item 10 appears):

list view scroll 2

convertView is still null because there is still no view in the recycler (border of item1 is still visible at the top:))

02-05 13:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9 null

Let’s scroll list a little more:

list view scroll 3

Bingo! convertView is not null: item1 goes off the screen directly to the Recycler and item11 is created based on item1.

02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

scroll more just to check what hapens:

02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d002-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff802-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa802-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374582002-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374604802-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374687002-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374709802-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c002-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df002-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8

convertView is not null as we expected. After item11 goes off the screen, it view (@437430f8) comes as convertView for item 21. simple.

Different list items’ layouts

Let’s move to the “more complicated” example. How about to add separator somewhere to the list.

You should do the following:

Override getViewTypeCount() – return how many different view layouts you have
Override getItemViewType(int) – return correct view type id by position
Create correct convertView (depending on view item type) in getView

Simple, isn’t it? Code snippet:

public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {     private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;     @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();        for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {            mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);            if (i % 4 == 0) {                mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i);            }        }        setListAdapter(mAdapter);    }     private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {         private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0;        private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1;        private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;         private ArrayList mData = http://www.mamicode.com/new ArrayList();"getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type);            if (convertView == null) {                holder = new ViewHolder();                switch (type) {                    case TYPE_ITEM:                        convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);                        holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);                        break;                    case TYPE_SEPARATOR:                        convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);                        holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);                        break;                }                convertView.setTag(holder);            } else {                holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();            }            holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));            return convertView;        }     }     public static class ViewHolder {        public TextView textView;    }}

Let’s run what we wrote. Yo will see separators after each 4-th item in the list.

list view scroll 4

In the log – nothing exceptional – all convertView is null for visible items both types.

02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 102-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 002-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1

Scroll list and see what happens:

02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 002-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 002-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 002-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 002-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 102-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 002-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 002-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 002-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 002-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 102-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 002-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0

convertView is null for separator view type until first separator is visible. When it goes off the screen – view also comes to the Recycler and convertView comes to play.

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首页 > 代码库 > BaseAdapter中重写getview的心得以及发现convertView回收的机制

BaseAdapter中重写getview的心得以及发现convertView回收的机制

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