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MockMvc和Mockito之酷炫使用
由于项目中需要添加单元测试，所以查询之后发现Mockito非常适合现在的web项目。
首先需要添加pom依赖：
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.mockito</groupId> <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId> <version>1.9.5</version></dependency>
在ControllerTest类上需要添加如下配置：
//XML风格 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp") @ContextHierarchy({ @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = "classpath:spring-config.xml"), @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", locations = "classpath:spring-others.xml") }) OR //注解风格 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp") @ContextHierarchy({ @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", classes = AppConfig.class), @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", classes = MvcConfig.class) })
MockMvc为spring测试下的一个非常好用的类，配合Mockito使用能达到非常好的效果，他们的初始化需要在setUp中进行，具体代码如下：
@Autowiredprivate WebApplicationContext wac;private MockMvc mockMvc;@Mockprivate DemoService demoService;@Beforepublic void setUp() throws Exception { // 构造appcontext mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); // 初始化Mock MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);}
这样mockMvc和Mockito的方法就可以在下面顺利使用了，例如：
@Testpublic void testHelloWorld() throws Exception { // 1. controller mvc test MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/demo/hello"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(DemoController.class))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName("helloWorld"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("demo/hello"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("msg"))
.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
.andReturn(); Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("msg")); // 2. demo service stub test String stub = "except result"; Mockito.when(demoService.demoShow()).thenReturn(stub); Assert.assertEquals(stub, demoService.demoShow()); Mockito.verify(demoService).demoShow();}
MockMvc可以对controller中的一次调用进行模拟，perform就是一次请求，MockMvcRequestBuilders进行url的请求，andExcept方法为对Controller类、调用方法、视图和model的预期设置，andDo进行这次请求的执行，最后andReturn返回。
Mockito通过方法when()、thenReturn()等方法可以对方法进行打桩，让后续方法按照自己的数据桩来返回，达到了隔离依赖的效果。
整体的测试代码如下：
import com.demo.service.DemoService;import junit.framework.Assert;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.mockito.Mock;import org.mockito.Mockito;import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextHierarchy;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;/** * DemoControllerTest. *///注解风格@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@WebAppConfiguration(value = "src/main/webapp")@ContextHierarchy({ @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", locations = "classpath:spring-config.xml")})public class DemoControllerTest { @Autowired private WebApplicationContext wac; private MockMvc mockMvc; @Mock private DemoService demoService; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { // 构造appcontext mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); // 初始化Mock MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); } @Test public void testIndex() throws Exception { MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/demo/")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(DemoController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName("index")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("demo/index")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getViewName()); } @Test public void testHelloWorld() throws Exception { // 1. controller mvc test MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/demo/hello")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().handlerType(DemoController.class)) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.handler().methodName("helloWorld")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("demo/hello")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.model().attributeExists("msg")) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("msg")); // 2. demo service stub test String stub = "except result"; Mockito.when(demoService.demoShow()).thenReturn(stub); Assert.assertEquals(stub, demoService.demoShow()); Mockito.verify(demoService).demoShow(); }}
MockMvc和Mockito之酷炫使用
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