阿里AndFix热修复框架简介

热修复原理：

Android的类加载机制

Android的类加载器分为两种,PathClassLoader和DexClassLoader，两者都继承自BaseDexClassLoader

PathClassLoader代码位于libcore\dalvik\src\main\Java\dalvik\system\PathClassLoader.java
DexClassLoader代码位于libcore\dalvik\src\main\java\dalvik\system\DexClassLoader.java
BaseDexClassLoader代码位于libcore\dalvik\src\main\java\dalvik\system\BaseDexClassLoader.java

PathClassLoader: 用来加载系统类和应用类

DexClassLoader : 用来加载jar、apk、dex文件.加载jar、apk也是最终抽取里面的Dex文件进行加载

看下PathClassLoader代码

public class PathClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader {
    public PathClassLoader(String dexPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(dexPath, null, null, parent);
    }
    public PathClassLoader(String dexPath, String libraryPath,
            ClassLoader parent) {
        super(dexPath, null, libraryPath, parent);
    }
}

DexClassLoader代码

public class DexClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader {
    public DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String optimizedDirectory, String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(dexPath, new File(optimizedDirectory), libraryPath, parent);
    }
}

两个ClassLoader就两三行代码,只是调用了父类的构造函数.

public class BaseDexClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
    private final DexPathList pathList;
    public BaseDexClassLoader(String dexPath, File optimizedDirectory,
            String libraryPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(parent);
        this.pathList = new DexPathList(this, dexPath, libraryPath, optimizedDirectory);
    }
    @Override
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        List<Throwable> suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList<Throwable>();
        Class c = pathList.findClass(name, suppressedExceptions);
        if (c == null) {
            ClassNotFoundException cnfe = new ClassNotFoundException("Didn‘t find class \"" + name + "\" on path: " + pathList);
            for (Throwable t : suppressedExceptions) {
                cnfe.addSuppressed(t);
            }
            throw cnfe;
        }
        return c;
    }

在BaseDexClassLoader 构造函数中创建一个DexPathList类的实例,这个DexPathList的构造函数会创建一个dexElements 数组

public DexPathList(ClassLoader definingContext, String dexPath, String libraryPath, File optimizedDirectory) {
        ... 
        this.definingContext = definingContext;
        ArrayList<IOException> suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList<IOException>();
        //创建一个数组
        this.dexElements = makeDexElements(splitDexPath(dexPath), optimizedDirectory, suppressedExceptions);
        ... 
    }

然后BaseDexClassLoader 重写了findClass方法,调用了pathList.findClass，跳到DexPathList类中.

/* package */final class DexPathList {
    ...
    public Class findClass(String name, List<Throwable> suppressed) {
            //遍历该数组
        for (Element element : dexElements) {
            //初始化DexFile
            DexFile dex = element.dexFile;
            if (dex != null) {
                //调用DexFile类的loadClassBinaryName方法返回Class实例
                Class clazz = dex.loadClassBinaryName(name, definingContext, suppressed);
                if (clazz != null) {
                    return clazz;
                }
            }
        }       
        return null;
    }
    ...
}

会遍历这个数组,然后初始化DexFile，如果DexFile不为空那么调用DexFile类的loadClassBinaryName方法返回Class实例.

归纳上面的话就是:ClassLoader会遍历这个数组,然后加载这个数组中的dex文件.
而ClassLoader在加载到正确的类之后,就不会再去加载有Bug的那个类了,我们把这个正确的类放在Dex文件中,让这个Dex文件排在dexElements数组前面即可.

热修复框架AndFix的使用

AndFix：阿里开源的热修复框架AndFix，AndFix是 “Android Hot-Fix”的缩写。它支持Android 2.3到6.0版本，并且支持arm与X86系统架构的设备。完美支持Dalvik与ART的Runtime。AndFix 的补丁文件是以 .apatch 结尾的文件。

我这是用eclipse写的Demo.

1.把AndFix抽取成library依赖的形式

技术分享

2.新建一个AndFixDemo项目,依赖AndFix这个library

2.1 新建一个MyApplication继承Application

public class MyApplication extends Application {

    private static final String TAG = "MyApplication";

    /**
     * apatch文件
     */
    private static final String APATCH_PATH = "/Dennis.apatch";

    private PatchManager mPatchManager;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        // 初始化
        mPatchManager = new PatchManager(this);
        mPatchManager.init("1.0"); // 版本号

        // 加载 apatch
        mPatchManager.loadPatch();

        //apatch文件的目录
        String patchFileString = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + APATCH_PATH;
        File apatchPath = new File(patchFileString);

        if (apatchPath.exists()) {
            Log.i(TAG, "补丁文件存在");
            try {
                //添加apatch文件
                mPatchManager.addPatch(patchFileString);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                Log.i(TAG, "打补丁出错了");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else {
            Log.i(TAG, "补丁文件不存在");
        }

    }
}1
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