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第四周作业
1、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/tuser1,要求/home/tuser1及其内部文件的属组和其它用户均没有任何访问权限。
[root@localhost home]# cp -r /etc/skel /home/tuser1 |chmod -R go-rwx /home/tuser1 [root@localhost home]# ls -l /home 总用量 40 drwx------. 25 cpl cpl 4096 8月 29 10:11 cpl drwx------. 4 mageia mageia 4096 8月 22 10:30 linux drwx------. 2 root root 16384 8月 16 05:26 lost+found drwx------. 4 1005 distro 4096 8月 22 10:24 mandiriva drwx------. 4 openstack clouds 4096 8月 22 10:47 openstack drwx------. 25 slackware distro 4096 8月 22 10:44 slackware drwx------. 5 root root 4096 8月 29 10:20 tuser1
2、编辑/etc/group文件,添加组hadoop。
[root@localhost /]# echo "hadoop:x:1234:" >> /etc/group [root@localhost /]# tail -l /etc/group cpl:x:500: distro:x:2016: mageia:x:1100: peguin:x:2017:slackware,openstack admins:x:2018:slackware clouds:x:2019: nova:x:2020:openstack mysql:x:493: hadoop:x:1234:
[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/group stapusr:x:156: stapsys:x:157: stapdev:x:158: tcpdump:x:72: cpl:x:500: distro:x:2016: mageia:x:1100: peguin:x:2017:slackware,openstack admins:x:2018:slackware clouds:x:2019: nova:x:2020:openstack mysql:x:493: hadoop:x:1234: hadoop:x:2345: "/etc/group" 66L, 955C 66,1 底端 [root@localhost /]# tail -l /etc/group tcpdump:x:72: cpl:x:500: distro:x:2016: mageia:x:1100: peguin:x:2017:slackware,openstack admins:x:2018:slackware clouds:x:2019: nova:x:2020:openstack mysql:x:493: hadoop:x:1234: hadoop:x:2345:
3、手动编辑/etc/passw d文件新增一行,添加用户hadoop,其基本组ID为hadoop组的id号;其家目录为/home/hadoop。
[root@localhost /]# echo ‘hadoop:x:2345:2345::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin‘ >> /etc/passwd [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/passwd saslauth:x:498:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin pulse:x:497:496:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin cpl:x:500:500:cpl:/home/cpl:/bin/bash mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash mysql:x:496:493::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin hadoop:x:2345:2345::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/passwd rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:498:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin pulse:x:497:496:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin cpl:x:500:500:cpl:/home/cpl:/bin/bash mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash mysql:x:496:493::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin hadoop:x:2345:2345::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin hadoop:x:1234:1234::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin "/etc/passwd" 40L, 1891C 40,1 底端 [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/passwd saslauth:x:498:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin pulse:x:497:496:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin cpl:x:500:500:cpl:/home/cpl:/bin/bash mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash mysql:x:496:493::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin hadoop:x:2345:2345::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin hadoop:x:1234:1234::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin
4、复制/etc/skel目录为/home/hadoop,要求修改hadoop目录的属组和其它用户没有任何访问权限。
[root@localhost /]# cp -r /etc/skel /home/hadoop |chmod -R go-rwx /home/hadoop [root@localhost /]# ls -l /home/ 总用量 44 drwx------. 25 cpl cpl 4096 8月 29 10:11 cpl drwx------. 5 root root 4096 8月 29 10:44 hadoop drwx------. 4 mageia mageia 4096 8月 22 10:30 linux drwx------. 2 root root 16384 8月 16 05:26 lost+found drwx------. 4 1005 distro 4096 8月 22 10:24 mandiriva drwx------. 4 openstack clouds 4096 8月 22 10:47 openstack drwx------. 25 slackware distro 4096 8月 22 10:44 slackware drwx------. 5 root root 4096 8月 29 10:20 tuser1
5、修改/home/hadoop目录及其内部所有文件的属主为hadoop,属组为hadoop。
[root@localhost /]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop [root@localhost /]# ls -l /home/ 总用量 44 drwx------. 25 cpl cpl 4096 8月 29 10:11 cpl drwx------. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 8月 29 10:44 hadoop drwx------. 4 mageia mageia 4096 8月 22 10:30 linux drwx------. 2 root root 16384 8月 16 05:26 lost+found drwx------. 4 1005 distro 4096 8月 22 10:24 mandiriva drwx------. 4 openstack clouds 4096 8月 22 10:47 openstack drwx------. 25 slackware distro 4096 8月 22 10:44 slackware drwx------. 5 root root 4096 8月 29 10:20 tuser1
6、显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大写或小写S开头的行;用两种方式;
[root@localhost /]# grep -i ‘^s‘ /proc/meminfo SwapCached: 0 kB SwapTotal: 4095996 kB SwapFree: 4095996 kB Shmem: 3440 kB Slab: 89248 kB SReclaimable: 20964 kB SUnreclaim: 68284 kB [root@localhost /]# grep ‘^[sS]‘ /proc/meminfo SwapCached: 0 kB SwapTotal: 4095996 kB SwapFree: 4095996 kB Shmem: 3440 kB Slab: 89276 kB SReclaimable: 20968 kB SUnreclaim: 68308 kB
7、显示/etc/passw d文件中其默认shell为非/sbin/nologin的用户;
[root@localhost /]# grep -v ‘/sbin/nologin$‘ /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt cpl:x:500:500:cpl:/home/cpl:/bin/bash mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
8、显示/etc/passw d文件中其默认shell为/bin/bash的用户;
[root@localhost /]# grep ‘/bin/bash$‘ /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash cpl:x:500:500:cpl:/home/cpl:/bin/bash mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
9、找出/etc/passw d文件中的一位数或两位数;
[root@localhost /]# grep -oP ‘\b\d{1,2}\b‘ /etc/passwd 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 7 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 12 10 14 11 0 12 13 30 14 50 99 99 81 81 32 32 69 69 29 29 68 68 38 38 48 48 76 89 89 42 42 74 74 72 72
10、显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行;
[root@localhost /]# grep ‘^[[:space:]]‘ /boot/grub/grub.conf root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap crashkernel=128M LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img
11、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头,后面跟至少一个空白字符,而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行;
[root@localhost /]# grep ‘^#[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]\+‘ /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time # Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg‘s bcheckrc. # Check SELinux status # Print a text banner. # Only read this once. # Initialize hardware # Set default affinity # Load other user-defined modules # Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs) # Configure kernel parameters # Set the hostname. # Sync waiting for storage. # Device mapper & related initialization # Start any MD RAID arrays that haven‘t been started yet # Remount the root filesystem read-write. # Clean up SELinux labels # If relabeling, relabel mount points. # Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already # mounted). Contrary to standard usage, # filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode. # The ‘no‘ applies to all listed filesystem types. See mount(8). # Check to see if a full relabel is needed # Update quotas if necessary # Initialize pseudo-random number generator # Configure machine if necessary. # Clean out /. # Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don‘t set them up, but the sysadmin might... # Clean up /var. # Clean up utmp/wtmp # Clean up various /tmp bits # Make ICE directory # Start up swapping. # Set up binfmt_misc # Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else. # Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going, # let‘s dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later # create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with timeout # Let rhgb know that we‘re leaving rc.sysinit
12、打出netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN’,后或跟空白字符结尾的行;
[root@localhost /]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$" tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:60490 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::50756 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
13、添加用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin),而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息;
[root@localhost /]# useradd bash;useradd testbash;useradd basher;useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/passwd openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash mysql:x:496:493::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin hadoop:x:2345:2345::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin hadoop:x:1234:1234::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin bash:x:3004:3004::/home/bash:/bin/bash testbash:x:3005:3005::/home/testbash:/bin/bash basher:x:3006:3006::/home/basher:/bin/bash nologin:x:3007:3007::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin [root@localhost /]# grep "^\([[:alnum:]]\+\>\).*\1$" /etc/passwd sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt bash:x:3004:3004::/home/bash:/bin/bash nologin:x:3007:3007::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost /]# useradd bash&&useradd testbash&&useradd basher&&useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin
第四周作业
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