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Spring属性注入、构造方法注入、工厂注入以及注入参数（转）
Spring 是一个开源框架.
Spring 为简化企业级应用开发而生（对比EJB2.0来说）. 使用 Spring 可以使简单的 JavaBean 实现以前只有 EJB 才能实现的功能。
Spring 是一个 IOC(DI) 和 AOP 容器框架。
具体描述 Spring:
轻量级：Spring 是非侵入性的 - 基于 Spring 开发的应用中的对象可以不依赖于 Spring 的 API
控制反转（依赖注入） (IOC----inverse of control 、DI --- dependency injection)
面向切面编程(AOP --- aspect oriented programming)
容器: Spring 是一个容器, 因为它包含并且管理应用对象的生命周期
框架: Spring 实现了使用简单的组件配置组合成一个复杂的应用. 在 Spring 中可以使用 XML 和 Java 注解组合这些对象
一站式：在 IOC 和 AOP 的基础上可以整合各种企业应用的开源框架和优秀的第三方类库 （实际上 Spring 自身也提供了展现层的 SpringMVC 和 持久层的 Spring JDBC）
所需jar包
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean name="dog" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Dog"></bean> </beans> |
装配一个Bean
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package com.zhiqi.entity;public class Dog { private String name; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }} |
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package com.zhiqi.test;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import com.zhiqi.entity.Dog;public class T { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Dog dog=(Dog)ac.getBean("dog"); System.out.println(dog.getName()); }} |
此时装配了Dog这个类，但是为null
需要进行依赖注入（属性注入、构造方法注入，工厂注入）
1、属性注入：
装配一个员工类
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package com.zhiqi.entity;public class Employee { private int id; private String name; private String sex; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; }} |
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package com.zhiqi.test;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import com.zhiqi.entity.Dog;import com.zhiqi.entity.Employee;public class T { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Employee employee=(Employee)ac.getBean("employee"); System.out.println(employee.getName()); }} |
属性注入如下：<property name="" value=""></property>
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<bean name="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10050"></property> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/小鲜肉"></property> <property name="sex" value="http://www.mamicode.com/男"></property> </bean> |
构造方法注入一（通过类型）：<constructor-arg type="" value=""></constructor-arg>
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<bean name="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <constructor-arg type="int" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10010"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg type="String" value="http://www.mamicode.com/小萝莉"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg type="String" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></constructor-arg> </bean> |
此时需要写构造函数否则会报错：
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public class Employee { private int id; private String name; private String sex; public Employee() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public Employee(int id, String name, String sex) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.sex = sex; }} |
构造方法注入二（通过索引）：<constructor-arg index="" value=""></constructor-arg> 索引从0开始
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<bean name="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10010"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="1" value="http://www.mamicode.com/小萝莉"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></constructor-arg> </bean> |
可以混合使用 类型+索引
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<bean name="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <constructor-arg type="int" index="0" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10010"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg type="String" index="1" value="http://www.mamicode.com/小萝莉"></constructor-arg> <constructor-arg type="String" index="2" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></constructor-arg> </bean> |
通过工厂注入：<bean name="employee" factory-bean="" factory-method=""></bean>
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package com.zhiqi.factory;import com.zhiqi.entity.Employee;public class EmployeeFactory { public Employee createEmployee(){ Employee employee=new Employee(); employee.setId(10080); employee.setName("小霸王"); employee.setSex("男"); return employee; }} |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean name="dog" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Dog"></bean> <bean name="employeeFactory" class="com.zhiqi.factory.EmployeeFactory"></bean> <bean name="employee" factory-bean="employeeFactory" factory-method="createEmployee"></bean> </beans> |
通过静态工厂注入：
注入参数：
1、基本类型值
2、注入bean
3、内部bean
4、null值
5、级联属性
6、集合注入（List、Set、Map）
员工有一辆车
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<bean id="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10060"></property> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/脑残粉"></property> <property name="sex" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></property> <property name="car" ref="car"></property> </bean> <bean id="car" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Car"> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/别克"></property> </bean> |
一辆车只属于某员工，内部bean
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<bean id="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10060"></property> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/脑残粉"></property> <property name="sex" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></property> <property name="car"> <bean class="com.zhiqi.entity.Car"> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/雪佛兰"></property> </bean> </property> </bean> |
有一个员工没有车
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<bean id="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10060"></property> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/脑残粉"></property> <property name="sex" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></property> <property name="car"> <null></null> </property> </bean> |
级联
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<bean id="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10060"></property> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/脑残粉"></property> <property name="sex" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></property> <property name="car.name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/好车"></property> </bean> |
此时在Car中new一个
一个员工有多个girlFriend
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private int id; private String name; private String sex; private Car car; private List<String> girlFriend=new ArrayList<String>(); |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10060"></property> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/脑残粉"></property> <property name="sex" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></property> <property name="car" value="http://www.mamicode.com/宾利"></property> <property name="girlFriend"> <list> <value>琪琪</value> <value>丽丽</value> <value>小莫</value> </list> </property> </bean></beans> |
一个员工有多套房子
private Set<String> house=new HashSet<String>();
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"10060"></property> <property name="name" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"脑残粉"></property> <property name="sex" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"女"></property> <property name="car" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"宾利"></property> <property name="girlFriend"> <list> <value>琪琪</value> <value>丽丽</value> <value>小莫</value> </list> </property> <property name="house"> <set> <value>房子1</value> <value>别墅2</value> </set> </property> </bean></beans> |
一个员工的工作
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="employee" class="com.zhiqi.entity.Employee"> <property name="id" value="http://www.mamicode.com/10060"></property> <property name="name" value="http://www.mamicode.com/脑残粉"></property> <property name="sex" value="http://www.mamicode.com/女"></property> <property name="car" value="http://www.mamicode.com/宾利"></property> <property name="girlFriend"> <list> <value>琪琪</value> <value>丽丽</value> <value>小莫</value> </list> </property> <property name="house"> <set> <value>房子1</value> <value>别墅2</value> </set> </property> <property name="works"> <map> <entry> <key><value>上午</value></key> <value>撸代码</value> </entry> <entry> <key><value>下午</value></key> <value>找BUG</value> </entry> </map> </property> </bean></beans> |
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package com.zhiqi.test;import java.util.Iterator;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import com.zhiqi.entity.Employee;public class T { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Employee employee=(Employee)ac.getBean("employee"); for(String str:employee.getHouse()){ System.out.println(str); } //entrySet()将map转为set，然后迭代器遍历 Iterator it=employee.getWorks().entrySet().iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ System.out.println(it.next()); } }} |
Spring属性注入、构造方法注入、工厂注入以及注入参数（转）
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