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光缆故障排查思路及解决方式

第一个问题:光缆的区别?
1、外观
2、传输距离
3、波长
4、芯径   
第二个问题:两台交换机如何通过光缆进行互联?
1、光缆(明确光缆的类型、长度)
1、交换机
2、光模块(明确光模块的类型、速率)
3、光纤跳线 (明确跳线的类型、长度、速率)
5、耦合器(明确耦合器的类型)
6、尾纤(明确跳线的类型、长度、速率)
7、光纤配线架或者光纤终端盒(明确具体的类型)
第三个问题:上述两台交换机之间无法通信?
1、交换机的带电状态---->交换机接口故障--->替换法
2、接口状态-->down
3、检查模块-->替换新模块或者现有正常使用--->
4、检查跳线-->替换法
5、更换光纤配线架上未使用的光纤接口--->替换法
6、检查交换机收发功率--->1、查看交换机接口是否支持查看-->2、使用光功率计进行测试(测试范围,先打光后测试光
)---->  
7、耦合器对接线未插接牢固-->光缆熔接有问题
8、光电复用口-->开启光口
9、光接口协商速率问题

备注:查看接口光功率(光模块需被网络设备识别)
run show interfaces diagnostics optics xe-2/1/1  //juniper网络设备
dis transceiver diagnosis interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/14   //华三设备
show intface gx/x transceiver   //锐捷网络设备
interface

例如:
////////////华三网络设备///////////////////////
<ZongHeLou_5F-Huiju>dis transceiver diagnosis interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/14
GigabitEthernet1/0/14 transceiver diagnostic information:
  Current diagnostic parameters:
    Temp.( Voltage(V)  Bias(mA)  RX power(dBm)  TX power(dBm) 
    34         3.34        7.04      -5.96          -5.05         
  Alarm thresholds:
          Temp.( Voltage(V)  Bias(mA)  RX power(dBm)  TX power(dBm) 
    High  88         3.80        17.00     0.00           -2.00         
    Low   -23        2.80        1.00      -16.99         -12.50        
<ZongHeLou_5F-Huiju>
//////Juniper网络设备//////////////////
admin@YiKaTong_DC-MX960# run show interfaces diagnostics optics xe-2/1/1   
Physical interface: xe-2/1/1
    Laser bias current                        :  34.130 mA
    Laser output power                        :  0.6870 mW / -1.63 dBm
    Module temperature                        :  21 degrees C / 70 degrees F
    Laser rx power                            :  0.9342 mW / -0.30 dBm
    Laser bias current high alarm             :  Off
    Laser bias current low alarm              :  Off
    Laser bias current high warning           :  Off
    Laser bias current low warning            :  Off
    Laser output power high alarm             :  Off
    Laser output power low alarm              :  Off
    Laser output power high warning           :  Off
    Laser output power low warning            :  Off
    Module temperature high alarm             :  Off
    Module temperature low alarm              :  Off
    Module temperature high warning           :  Off
    Module temperature low warning            :  Off
    Laser rx power high alarm                 :  Off
    Laser rx power low alarm                  :  Off
    Laser rx power high warning               :  Off
    Laser rx power low warning                :  Off
    Module not ready alarm                    :  Off
    Module power down alarm                   :  Off
    Tx data not ready alarm                   :  Off
    Tx not ready alarm                        :  Off
    Tx laser fault alarm                      :  Off
    Tx CDR loss of lock alarm                 :  Off
    Rx not ready alarm                        :  Off
    Rx loss of signal alarm                   :  Off
    Rx CDR loss of lock alarm                 :  Off
    Laser bias current high alarm threshold   :  80.000 mA
    Laser bias current low alarm threshold    :  10.000 mA
    Laser bias current high warning threshold :  75.000 mA
    Laser bias current low warning threshold  :  12.000 mA
    Laser output power high alarm threshold   :  1.2580 mW / 1.00 dBm
    Laser output power low alarm threshold    :  0.2230 mW / -6.52 dBm
    Laser output power high warning threshold :  1.1210 mW / 0.50 dBm
    Laser output power low warning threshold  :  0.2510 mW / -6.00 dBm
    Module temperature high alarm threshold   :  80 degrees C / 176 degrees F
    Module temperature low alarm threshold    :  -15 degrees C / 5 degrees F
    Module temperature high warning threshold :  75 degrees C / 167 degrees F
    Module temperature low warning threshold  :  -10 degrees C / 14 degrees F
    Laser rx power high alarm threshold       :  1.2589 mW / 1.00 dBm
    Laser rx power low alarm threshold        :  0.0100 mW / -20.00 dBm
    Laser rx power high warning threshold     :  1.0000 mW / 0.00 dBm
    Laser rx power low warning threshold      :  0.0158 mW / -18.01 dBm

////////////锐捷网络设备////////////////////
To-Jiaoxuelou#show interfaces transceiver

========Interface GigabitEthernet 0/1========
Transceiver Type    :  1000BASE-LX-SFP
Connector Type      :  LC
Wavelength(nm)      :  1310
Transfer Distance   :
    SMF fiber
        -- 10km
    50/125 um OM2 fiber
        -- 550m
    62.5/125 um OM1 fiber
        -- 550m
Digital Diagnostic Monitoring  : YES
Vendor Serial Number           : FNS172830XF    

========Interface GigabitEthernet 0/2========
Transceiver Type    :  1000BASE-LX-SFP
Connector Type      :  LC
Wavelength(nm)      :  1310
Transfer Distance   :
    SMF fiber
        -- 10km
Digital Diagnostic Monitoring  : NO
Vendor Serial Number           : G1HD6B1022424 




光缆故障排查思路及解决方式