/*
 * Keep mostly read-only and often accessed (especially for
 * the RCU path lookup and ‘stat‘ data) fields at the beginning
 * of the ‘struct inode‘
 */
struct inode {
    umode_t         i_mode;
    unsigned short      i_opflags;
    uid_t           i_uid;
    gid_t           i_gid;
    unsigned int        i_flags;

#ifdef CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL
    struct posix_acl    *i_acl;
    struct posix_acl    *i_default_acl;
#endif

    const struct inode_operations   *i_op;
    struct super_block  *i_sb;
    struct address_space    *i_mapping;

#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
    void            *i_security;
#endif

    /* Stat data, not accessed from path walking */
    unsigned long       i_ino;
    /*
     * Filesystems may only read i_nlink directly.  They shall use the
     * following functions for modification:
     *
     *    (set|clear|inc|drop)_nlink
     *    inode_(inc|dec)_link_count
     */
    union {
        const unsigned int i_nlink;
        unsigned int __i_nlink;
    };
    dev_t           i_rdev;
    struct timespec     i_atime;
    struct timespec     i_mtime;
    struct timespec     i_ctime;
    spinlock_t      i_lock; /* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */
    unsigned short          i_bytes;
    blkcnt_t        i_blocks;
    loff_t          i_size;

#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED
    seqcount_t      i_size_seqcount;
#endif

    /* Misc */
    unsigned long       i_state;
    struct mutex        i_mutex;

    unsigned long       dirtied_when;   /* jiffies of first dirtying */

    struct hlist_node   i_hash;
    struct list_head    i_wb_list;  /* backing dev IO list */
    struct list_head    i_lru;      /* inode LRU list */
    struct list_head    i_sb_list;
    union {
        struct list_head    i_dentry;
        struct rcu_head     i_rcu;
    };
    atomic_t        i_count;
    unsigned int        i_blkbits;
    u64         i_version;
    atomic_t        i_dio_count;
    atomic_t        i_writecount;
    const struct file_operations    *i_fop; /* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */
    struct file_lock    *i_flock;
    struct address_space    i_data;

#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
    struct dquot        *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
#endif
    struct list_head    i_devices;
    union {
        struct pipe_inode_info  *i_pipe;
        struct block_device *i_bdev;
        struct cdev     *i_cdev;
    };

    __u32           i_generation;

#ifdef CONFIG_FSNOTIFY
    __u32           i_fsnotify_mask; /* all events this inode cares about */
    struct hlist_head   i_fsnotify_marks;
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_IMA
    atomic_t        i_readcount; /* struct files open RO */
#endif
    void            *i_private; /* fs or device private pointer */
};

struct stat {
               dev_t     st_dev;     /* ID of device containing file */
               ino_t     st_ino;     /* inode number */
               mode_t    st_mode;    /* protection */
               nlink_t   st_nlink;   /* number of hard links */
               uid_t     st_uid;     /* user ID of owner */
               gid_t     st_gid;     /* group ID of owner */
               dev_t     st_rdev;    /* device ID (if special file) */
               off_t     st_size;    /* total size, in bytes */
               blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for file system I/O */
               blkcnt_t  st_blocks;  /* number of 512B blocks allocated */
               time_t    st_atime;   /* time of last access */
               time_t    st_mtime;   /* time of last modification */
               time_t    st_ctime;   /* time of last status change */
           };

int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);

extern struct file * dentry_open(struct dentry *, struct vfsmount *, int, const struct cred *);
extern int dcache_dir_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);

struct file {
    /*   
     * fu_list becomes invalid after file_free is called and queued via
     * fu_rcuhead for RCU freeing
     */
    union {
        struct list_head    fu_list;
        struct rcu_head     fu_rcuhead;
    } f_u; 
    struct path     f_path;
#define f_dentry    f_path.dentry
#define f_vfsmnt    f_path.mnt
    const struct file_operations    *f_op;

    /*   
     * Protects f_ep_links, f_flags, f_pos vs i_size in lseek SEEK_CUR.
     * Must not be taken from IRQ context.
     */
    spinlock_t      f_lock;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
    int         f_sb_list_cpu;
#endif
    atomic_long_t       f_count;
    unsigned int        f_flags;
    fmode_t         f_mode;
    loff_t          f_pos;
    struct fown_struct  f_owner;
    const struct cred   *f_cred;
    struct file_ra_state    f_ra;

    u64         f_version;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
    void            *f_security;
#endif
    /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
    void            *private_data;

#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
    /* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
    struct list_head    f_ep_links;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
    struct address_space    *f_mapping;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_WRITECOUNT
    unsigned long f_mnt_write_state;
#endif
};