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Looping Techniques
When looping through dictionaries, the key and corresponding value can be retrieved at the same time using the items() method.
>>> knights = {‘gallahad‘: ‘the pure‘, ‘robin‘: ‘the brave‘}
>>> for k, v in knights.items():
... print(k, v)
...
gallahad the pure
robin the brave
When looping through a sequence, the position index and corresponding value can be retrieved at the same time using the enumerate() function.
>>> for i, v in enumerate([‘tic‘, ‘tac‘, ‘toe‘]):
... print(i, v)
...
0 tic
1 tac
2 toe
To loop over two or more sequences at the same time, the entries can be paired with the zip() function.
>>> questions = [‘name‘, ‘quest‘, ‘favorite color‘]
>>> answers = [‘lancelot‘, ‘the holy grail‘, ‘blue‘]
>>> for q, a in zip(questions, answers):
... print(‘What is your {0}? It is {1}.‘.format(q, a))
...
What is your name? It is lancelot.
What is your quest? It is the holy grail.
What is your favorite color? It is blue.
To loop over a sequence in reverse, first specify the sequence in a forward direction and then call the reversed() function.
>>> for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):
... print(i)
...
9
7
5
3
1
To loop over a sequence in sorted order, use the sorted() function which returns a new sorted list while leaving the source unaltered.
>>> basket = [‘apple‘, ‘orange‘, ‘apple‘, ‘pear‘, ‘orange‘, ‘banana‘]
>>> for f in sorted(set(basket)):
... print(f)
...
apple
banana
orange
pear
To change a sequence you are iterating over while inside the loop (for example to duplicate certain items), it is recommended that you first make a copy. Looping over a sequence does not implicitly make a copy. The slice notation makes this especially convenient:
>>> words = [‘cat‘, ‘window‘, ‘defenestrate‘]
>>> for w in words[:]: # Loop over a slice copy of the entire list.
... if len(w) > 6:
... words.insert(0, w)
...
>>> words
[‘defenestrate‘, ‘cat‘, ‘window‘, ‘defenestrate‘]
Looping Techniques