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Python requests模块学习笔记

1、Requests模块说明

Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 许可证的 HTTP 库。用 Python 编写,真正的为人类着想。

Python 标准库中的 urllib2 模块提供了你所需要的大多数 HTTP 功能,但是它的 API 太渣了。它是为另一个时代、另一个互联网所创建的。它需要巨量的工作,甚至包括各种方法覆盖,来完成最简单的任务。

在Python的世界里,事情不应该这么麻烦。

Requests 使用的是 urllib3,因此继承了它的所有特性。Requests 支持 HTTP 连接保持和连接池,支持使用 cookie 保持会话,支持文件上传,支持自动确定响应内容的编码,支持国际化的 URL 和 POST 数据自动编码。现代、国际化、人性化。

(以上转自Requests官方文档)

2、Requests模块安装

然后执行安装

python setup.py install

个人推荐使用pip安装

pip install requests

也可以使用easy_install安装

easy_install requests

尝试在IDE中import requests,如果没有报错,那么安装成功。

3、Requests模块简单入门

#HTTP请求类型#get类型r = requests.get(https://github.com/timeline.json)#post类型r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")#put类型r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")#delete类型r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")#head类型r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")#options类型r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")#获取响应内容print r.content #以字节的方式去显示,中文显示为字符print r.text #以文本的方式去显示#URL传递参数payload = {keyword: 日本, salecityid: 2}r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=payload) print r.url #示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=日本#获取/修改网页编码r = requests.get(https://github.com/timeline.json)print r.encodingr.encoding = utf-8#json处理r = requests.get(https://github.com/timeline.json)print r.json() #需要先import json    #定制请求头url = http://m.ctrip.comheaders = {User-Agent : Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19}r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)print r.request.headers#复杂post请求url = http://m.ctrip.compayload = {some: data}r = requests.post(url, data=http://www.mamicode.com/json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict,需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下#post多部分编码文件url = http://m.ctrip.comfiles = {file: open(report.xls, rb)}r = requests.post(url, files=files)#响应状态码r = requests.get(http://m.ctrip.com)print r.status_code    #响应头r = requests.get(http://m.ctrip.com)print r.headersprint r.headers[Content-Type]print r.headers.get(content-type) #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式    #Cookiesurl = http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/urlr = requests.get(url)r.cookies[example_cookie_name]    #读取cookies    url = http://m.ctrip.com/cookiescookies = dict(cookies_are=working)r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies#设置超时时间r = requests.get(http://m.ctrip.com, timeout=0.001)#设置访问代理proxies = {           "http": "http://10.10.10.10:8888",           "https": "http://10.10.10.100:4444",          }r = requests.get(http://m.ctrip.com, proxies=proxies)

4、Requests示例

json请求

#!/user/bin/env python#coding=utf-8import requestsimport jsonclass url_request():    def __init__(self):            """ init """    if __name__==__main__:    headers = {Content-Type : application/json}    payload = {CountryName:中国,               ProvinceName:陕西省,               L1CityName:汉中,               L2CityName:城固,               TownName:‘‘,               Longitude:107.33393,               Latitude:33.157131,               Language:CN               }    r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity",headers=headers,data=http://www.mamicode.com/payload)    #r.encoding = utf-8    data=r.json()    if r.status_code!=200:        print "LBSLocateCity API Error " + str(r.status_code)    print data[CityEntities][0][CityID] #打印返回json中的某个key的value    print data[ResponseStatus][Ack]    print json.dumps(data,indent=4,sort_keys=True,ensure_ascii=False) #树形打印json,ensure_ascii必须设为False否则中文会显示为unicode

xml请求

#!/user/bin/env python#coding=utf-8import requestsclass url_request():    def __init__(self):            """ init """    if __name__==__main__:        headers = {Content-type: text/xml}    XML = <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><Request xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><jme><JobClassFullName>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS</JobClassFullName><Action>RUN</Action><Param>1</Param><HostIP>127.0.0.1</HostIP><JobInfo>1</JobInfo><NeedParallel>false</NeedParallel></jme></Request></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>    url = http://jobws.push.mobile.xxxxxxxx.com/RefreshWeiXInTokenJob/RefreshService.asmx    r = requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=http://www.mamicode.com/XML)    #r.encoding = utf-8    data = r.text    print data

5、参考文档

http://cn.python-requests.org/en/latest/

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart.html

Python requests模块学习笔记