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requests 模块
Python标准库中提供了：urllib、urllib2、httplib等模块以供Http请求，但是，它的 API 太渣了。它是为另一个时代、另一个互联网所创建的。它需要巨量的工作，甚至包括各种方法覆盖，来完成最简单的任务。
Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 许可证的 基于Python开发的HTTP 库，其在Python内置模块的基础上进行了高度的封装，从而使得Pythoner进行网络请求时，变得美好了许多，使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。
1、GET请求
# 1、无参数实例 import requests ret = requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json‘) print ret.urlprint ret.text # 2、有参数实例 import requests payload = {‘key1‘: ‘value1‘, ‘key2‘: ‘value2‘}ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload) print ret.urlprint ret.text2、POST请求
# 1、基本POST实例 import requests payload = {‘key1‘: ‘value1‘, ‘key2‘: ‘value2‘}ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=http://www.mamicode.com/payload)>3、其他请求
requests.get(url, params=None, **kwargs)requests.post(url, data=http://www.mamicode.com/None, json=None, **kwargs)>
4、更多参数
def request(method, url, **kwargs): """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`. :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object. :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`. :param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``‘name‘: file-like-objects`` (or ``{‘name‘: file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload. ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``(‘filename‘, fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``(‘filename‘, fileobj, ‘content_type‘)`` or a 4-tuple ``(‘filename‘, fileobj, ‘content_type‘, custom_headers)``, where ``‘content-type‘`` is a string defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers to add for the file. :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. :type timeout: float or tuple :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed. :type allow_redirects: bool :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy. :param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``. :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded. :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, (‘cert‘, ‘key‘) pair. :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object :rtype: requests.Response Usage:: >>> import requests >>> req = requests.request(‘GET‘, ‘http://httpbin.org/get‘) <Response [200]> """
def param_method_url(): # requests.request(method=‘get‘, url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘) # requests.request(method=‘post‘, url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘) passdef param_param(): #get请求传的参数，请求头里的参数 # - 可以是字典 # - 可以是字符串 # - 可以是字节（ascii编码以内） # requests.request(method=‘get‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # params={‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘水电费‘}) # requests.request(method=‘get‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # params="k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3") # requests.request(method=‘get‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=k2&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding=‘utf8‘)) # 错误 # requests.request(method=‘get‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding=‘utf8‘)) passdef param_data(): #post请求传的参数,请求体里的参数 # 可以是字典 # 可以是字符串 # 可以是字节 # 可以是文件对象 # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # data=http://www.mamicode.com/{‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘水电费‘}) # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # data="http://www.mamicode.com/k1=v1; k2=v2; k3=v3; k3=v4" # ) # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # data="http://www.mamicode.com/k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4", # headers={‘Content-Type‘: ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘} # ) # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # data=http://www.mamicode.com/open(‘data_file.py‘, mode=‘r‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘), # 文件内容是：k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4 # headers={‘Content-Type‘: ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘} # ) pass#字典中嵌套字典时使用def param_json(): #在请求体里传递的数据 # 将json中对应的数据进行序列化成一个字符串，json.dumps(...) # 然后发送到服务器端的body中，并且Content-Type是 {‘Content-Type‘: ‘application/json‘} requests.request(method=‘POST‘, url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, json={‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘水电费‘})def param_headers(): # 发送请求头到服务器端 requests.request(method=‘POST‘, url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, json={‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘水电费‘}, headers={‘Content-Type‘: ‘application/x-www-form-urlencoded‘， ‘User-Agent‘: "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36" } )def param_cookies(): #用cookies做登陆 # 发送Cookie到服务器端 requests.request(method=‘POST‘, url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, data={‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘}, cookies={‘cook1‘: ‘value1‘}, ) # 也可以使用CookieJar（字典形式就是在此基础上封装） from http.cookiejar import CookieJar from http.cookiejar import Cookie obj = CookieJar() obj.set_cookie(Cookie(version=0, name=‘c1‘, value=http://www.mamicode.com/‘v1‘, port=None, domain=‘‘, path=‘/‘, secure=False, expires=None, discard=True, comment=None, comment_url=None, rest={‘HttpOnly‘: None}, rfc2109=False, port_specified=False, domain_specified=False, domain_initial_dot=False, path_specified=False) ) requests.request(method=‘POST‘, url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, data={‘k1‘: ‘v1‘, ‘k2‘: ‘v2‘}, cookies=obj)def param_files(): # 发送文件 # file_dict = { # ‘f1‘: open(‘readme‘, ‘rb‘) #文件对象 # } # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # files=file_dict) # 发送文件，定制文件名 # file_dict = { # ‘f1‘: (‘test.txt‘, open(‘readme‘, ‘rb‘)) #文件名,文件对象 # } # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # files=file_dict) # 发送文件，定制文件名 # file_dict = { # ‘f1‘: (‘test.txt‘, "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf") #文件名,文件内容 # } # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # files=file_dict) # 发送文件，定制文件名 # file_dict = { # ‘f1‘: (‘test.txt‘, "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf", ‘application/text‘, {‘k1‘: ‘0‘}) # } # requests.request(method=‘POST‘, # url=‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, # files=file_dict) pass#基本认知(headers中加入加密的用户名和密码)def param_auth(): #把用户名密码放到请求头 from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth ret = requests.get(‘https://api.github.com/user‘, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(‘wupeiqi‘, ‘sdfasdfasdf‘)) print(ret.text) # ret = requests.get(‘http://192.168.1.1‘, # auth=HTTPBasicAuth(‘admin‘, ‘admin‘)) # ret.encoding = ‘gbk‘ # print(ret.text) # ret = requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/digest- # print(ret) # #def __call__(self, r): # r.headers[‘Authorization‘] = _basic_auth_str(self.username, self.password) # return rdef param_timeout(): #请求和响应的超市时间 # ret = requests.get(‘http://google.com/‘, timeout=1) # print(ret) # ret = requests.get(‘http://google.com/‘, timeout=(5, 1)) # print(ret) passdef param_allow_redirects(): #是否允许重定向,跳转时跟不跟踪 ret = requests.get(‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, allow_redirects=False) print(ret.text)def param_proxies(): #代理ip # proxies = { # "http": "61.172.249.96:80", # "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128", # } # proxies = {‘http://10.20.1.128‘: ‘http://10.10.1.10:5323‘} # ret = requests.get("http://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxies) # print(ret.headers) # from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth # # proxyDict = { # ‘http‘: ‘77.75.105.165‘, # ‘https‘: ‘77.75.105.165‘ # } # auth = HTTPProxyAuth(‘username‘, ‘mypassword‘) # # r = requests.get("http://www.google.com", proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth) # print(r.text) passdef param_stream(): #村长下大片,迭代的形式,看一点下一点 ret = requests.get(‘http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/‘, stream=True) print(ret.content) ret.close() # from contextlib import closing # with closing(requests.get(‘http://httpbin.org/get‘, stream=True)) as r: # # 在此处理响应。 # for i in r.iter_content(): # print(i)def requests_session(): #用于保存客户端历史访问信息 import requests session = requests.Session() ### 1、首先登陆任何页面，获取cookie i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") ### 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权 i2 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data={ ‘phone‘: "8615131255089", ‘password‘: "xxxxxx", ‘oneMonth‘: "" } ) i3 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589623", ) print(i3.text)
官方文档：http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#id4
BeautifulSoup
BeautifulSoup是一个模块，该模块用于接收一个HTML或XML字符串，然后将其进行格式化，之后遍可以使用他提供的方法进行快速查找指定元素，从而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素变得简单。
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html_doc = """<html><head><title>The Dormouse‘s story</title></head><body>asdf <div class="title"> <b>The Dormouse‘s story总共</b> <h1>f</h1> </div><div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div>ad<br/>sf<p class="story">...</p></body></html>""" soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")# 找到第一个a标签tag1 = soup.find(name=‘a‘)# 找到所有的a标签tag2 = soup.find_all(name=‘a‘)# 找到id＝link2的标签tag3 = soup.select(‘#link2‘)
安装：
pip3 install beautifulsoup4
使用示例：
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html_doc = """<html><head><title>The Dormouse‘s story</title></head><body> ...</body></html>""" soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
1. name，标签名称
# tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# name = tag.name # 获取# print(name)# tag.name = ‘span‘ # 设置# print(soup)
2. attr，标签属性
# tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# attrs = tag.attrs # 获取# print(attrs)# tag.attrs = {‘ik‘:123} # 设置# tag.attrs[‘id‘] = ‘iiiii‘ # 设置# print(soup)3. children,所有子标签
# body = soup.find(‘body‘)# v = body.children
4. descendants,所有子子孙孙标签
# body = soup.find(‘body‘)# v = body.descendants
5. clear,将标签的所有子标签全部清空（保留标签名）
# tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# tag.clear()# print(soup)
6. decompose,递归的删除所有的标签
# body = soup.find(‘body‘)# body.decompose()# print(soup)
7. extract,递归的删除所有的标签，并获取删除的标签
# body = soup.find(‘body‘)# v = body.extract()# print(soup)
8. decode,转换为字符串（含当前标签）；decode_contents（不含当前标签）
# body = soup.find(‘body‘)# v = body.decode()# v = body.decode_contents()# print(v)
9. encode,转换为字节（含当前标签）；encode_contents（不含当前标签）
# body = soup.find(‘body‘)# v = body.encode()# v = body.encode_contents()# print(v)
10. find,获取匹配的第一个标签
# tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# print(tag)# tag = soup.find(name=‘a‘, attrs={‘class‘: ‘sister‘}, recursive=True, text=‘Lacie‘)# tag = soup.find(name=‘a‘, class_=‘sister‘, recursive=True, text=‘Lacie‘)# print(tag)11. find_all,获取匹配的所有标签
# tags = soup.find_all(‘a‘)# print(tags) # tags = soup.find_all(‘a‘,limit=1)# print(tags) # tags = soup.find_all(name=‘a‘, attrs={‘class‘: ‘sister‘}, recursive=True, text=‘Lacie‘)# # tags = soup.find(name=‘a‘, class_=‘sister‘, recursive=True, text=‘Lacie‘)# print(tags) # ####### 列表 ######## v = soup.find_all(name=[‘a‘,‘div‘])# print(v) # v = soup.find_all(class_=[‘sister0‘, ‘sister‘])# print(v) # v = soup.find_all(text=[‘Tillie‘])# print(v, type(v[0])) # v = soup.find_all(id=[‘link1‘,‘link2‘])# print(v) # v = soup.find_all(href=http://www.mamicode.com/[‘link1‘,‘link2‘])>12. has_attr,检查标签是否具有该属性
# tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# v = tag.has_attr(‘id‘)# print(v)
13. get_text,获取标签内部文本内容
# tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# v = tag.get_text(‘id‘)# print(v)
14. index,检查标签在某标签中的索引位置
# tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# v = tag.index(tag.find(‘div‘))# print(v) # tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# for i,v in enumerate(tag):# print(i,v)
15. is_empty_element,是否是空标签(是否可以是空)或者自闭合标签，
判断是否是如下标签：‘br‘ , ‘hr‘, ‘input‘, ‘img‘, ‘meta‘,‘spacer‘, ‘link‘, ‘frame‘, ‘base‘
# tag = soup.find(‘br‘)# v = tag.is_empty_element# print(v)
16. 当前的关联标签
# soup.next# soup.next_element# soup.next_elements# soup.next_sibling# soup.next_siblings ## tag.previous# tag.previous_element# tag.previous_elements# tag.previous_sibling# tag.previous_siblings ## tag.parent# tag.parents
17. 查找某标签的关联标签
# tag.find_next(...)# tag.find_all_next(...)# tag.find_next_sibling(...)# tag.find_next_siblings(...) # tag.find_previous(...)# tag.find_all_previous(...)# tag.find_previous_sibling(...)# tag.find_previous_siblings(...) # tag.find_parent(...)# tag.find_parents(...) # 参数同find_all
18. select,select_one, CSS选择器
soup.select("title") soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)") soup.select("body a") soup.select("html head title") tag = soup.select("span,a") soup.select("head > title") soup.select("p > a") soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)") soup.select("p > #link1") soup.select("body > a") soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister") soup.select("#link1 + .sister") soup.select(".sister") soup.select("[class~=sister]") soup.select("#link1") soup.select("a#link2") soup.select(‘a[href]‘) soup.select(‘a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]‘) soup.select(‘a[href^="http://example.com/"]‘) soup.select(‘a[href$="tillie"]‘) soup.select(‘a[href*=".com/el"]‘) from bs4.element import Tag def default_candidate_generator(tag): for child in tag.descendants: if not isinstance(child, Tag): continue if not child.has_attr(‘href‘): continue yield child tags = soup.find(‘body‘).select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator)print(type(tags), tags) from bs4.element import Tagdef default_candidate_generator(tag): for child in tag.descendants: if not isinstance(child, Tag): continue if not child.has_attr(‘href‘): continue yield child tags = soup.find(‘body‘).select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator, limit=1)print(type(tags), tags)19. 标签的内容
# tag = soup.find(‘span‘)# print(tag.string) # 获取# tag.string = ‘new content‘ # 设置# print(soup) # tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# print(tag.string)# tag.string = ‘xxx‘# print(soup) # tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# v = tag.stripped_strings # 递归内部获取所有标签的文本# print(v)
20.append在当前标签内部追加一个标签
# tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# tag.append(soup.find(‘a‘))# print(soup)## from bs4.element import Tag# obj = Tag(name=‘i‘,attrs={‘id‘: ‘it‘})# obj.string = ‘我是一个新来的‘# tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# tag.append(obj)# print(soup)21.insert在当前标签内部指定位置插入一个标签
# from bs4.element import Tag# obj = Tag(name=‘i‘, attrs={‘id‘: ‘it‘})# obj.string = ‘我是一个新来的‘# tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# tag.insert(2, obj)# print(soup)22. insert_after,insert_before 在当前标签后面或前面插入
# from bs4.element import Tag# obj = Tag(name=‘i‘, attrs={‘id‘: ‘it‘})# obj.string = ‘我是一个新来的‘# tag = soup.find(‘body‘)# # tag.insert_before(obj)# tag.insert_after(obj)# print(soup)23. replace_with 在当前标签替换为指定标签
# from bs4.element import Tag# obj = Tag(name=‘i‘, attrs={‘id‘: ‘it‘})# obj.string = ‘我是一个新来的‘# tag = soup.find(‘div‘)# tag.replace_with(obj)# print(soup)24. 创建标签之间的关系
# tag = soup.find(‘div‘)# a = soup.find(‘a‘)# tag.setup(previous_sibling=a)# print(tag.previous_sibling)
25. wrap，将指定标签把当前标签包裹起来
# from bs4.element import Tag# obj1 = Tag(name=‘div‘, attrs={‘id‘: ‘it‘})# obj1.string = ‘我是一个新来的‘## tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# v = tag.wrap(obj1)# print(soup) # tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# v = tag.wrap(soup.find(‘p‘))# print(soup)26. unwrap，去掉当前标签，将保留其包裹的标签
# tag = soup.find(‘a‘)# v = tag.unwrap()# print(soup)
更多参数官方：http://beautifulsoup.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/v4.4.0/
一大波"自动登陆"示例
import requests# ############## 方式一 ##############"""# ## 1、首先登陆任何页面，获取cookiei1 = requests.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")i1_cookies = i1.cookies.get_dict()# ## 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权i2 = requests.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data=http://www.mamicode.com/{"8615131255089", ‘password‘: "xxooxxoo", ‘oneMonth‘: "" }, cookies=i1_cookies)# ## 3、点赞（只需要携带已经被授权的gpsd即可）gpsd = i1_cookies[‘gpsd‘]i3 = requests.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523", cookies={‘gpsd‘: gpsd})print(i3.text)"""# ############## 方式二 ##############"""import requestssession = requests.Session()i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")i2 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", data=http://www.mamicode.com/{"8615131255089", ‘password‘: "xxooxxoo", ‘oneMonth‘: "" })i3 = session.post( url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523")print(i3.text)"""
import requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup# ############## 方式一 ################ # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token# i1 = requests.get(‘https://github.com/login‘)# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features=‘lxml‘)# tag = soup1.find(name=‘input‘, attrs={‘name‘: ‘authenticity_token‘})# authenticity_token = tag.get(‘value‘)# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()# i1.close()## # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证# form_data = http://www.mamicode.com/{# "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,# "utf8": "",# "commit": "Sign in",# "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",# ‘password‘: ‘xxoo‘# }## i2 = requests.post(‘https://github.com/session‘, data=http://www.mamicode.com/form_data, cookies=c1)# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()# c1.update(c2)# i3 = requests.get(‘https://github.com/settings/repositories‘, cookies=c1)## soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features=‘lxml‘)# list_group = soup3.find(name=‘div‘, class_=‘listgroup‘)## from bs4.element import Tag## for child in list_group.children:# if isinstance(child, Tag):# project_tag = child.find(name=‘a‘, class_=‘mr-1‘)# size_tag = child.find(name=‘small‘)# temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get(‘href‘), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )# print(temp)# ############## 方式二 ############### session = requests.Session()# # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token# i1 = session.get(‘https://github.com/login‘)# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features=‘lxml‘)# tag = soup1.find(name=‘input‘, attrs={‘name‘: ‘authenticity_token‘})# authenticity_token = tag.get(‘value‘)# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()# i1.close()## # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证# form_data = http://www.mamicode.com/{# "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,# "utf8": "",# "commit": "Sign in",# "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",# ‘password‘: ‘xxoo‘# }## i2 = session.post(‘https://github.com/session‘, data=http://www.mamicode.com/form_data)# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()# c1.update(c2)# i3 = session.get(‘https://github.com/settings/repositories‘)## soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features=‘lxml‘)# list_group = soup3.find(name=‘div‘, class_=‘listgroup‘)## from bs4.element import Tag## for child in list_group.children:# if isinstance(child, Tag):# project_tag = child.find(name=‘a‘, class_=‘mr-1‘)# size_tag = child.find(name=‘small‘)# temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get(‘href‘), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )# print(temp)
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import timeimport requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupsession = requests.Session()i1 = session.get( url=‘https://www.zhihu.com/#signin‘, headers={ ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36‘, })soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, ‘lxml‘)xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name=‘input‘, attrs={‘name‘: ‘_xsrf‘})xsrf = xsrf_tag.get(‘value‘)current_time = time.time()i2 = session.get( url=‘https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif‘, params={‘r‘: current_time, ‘type‘: ‘login‘}, headers={ ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36‘, })with open(‘zhihu.gif‘, ‘wb‘) as f: f.write(i2.content)captcha = input(‘请打开zhihu.gif文件，查看并输入验证码：‘)form_data = { "_xsrf": xsrf, ‘password‘: ‘xxooxxoo‘, "captcha": ‘captcha‘, ‘email‘: ‘424662508@qq.com‘}i3 = session.post( url=‘https://www.zhihu.com/login/email‘, data=form_data, headers={ ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36‘, })i4 = session.get( url=‘https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile‘, headers={ ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36‘, })soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, ‘lxml‘)tag = soup4.find(id=‘rename-section‘)nick_name = tag.find(‘span‘,class_=‘name‘).stringprint(nick_name)知乎
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import reimport jsonimport base64import rsaimport requestsdef js_encrypt(text): b64der = ‘MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB‘ der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der) pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der) v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, ‘utf8‘), pk) value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b‘\n‘, b‘‘) value = value.decode(‘utf8‘) return valuesession = requests.Session()i1 = session.get(‘https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin‘)rep = re.compile("‘VerificationToken‘: ‘(.*)‘")v = re.search(rep, i1.text)verification_token = v.group(1)form_data = { ‘input1‘: js_encrypt(‘wptawy‘), ‘input2‘: js_encrypt(‘asdfasdf‘), ‘remember‘: False}i2 = session.post(url=‘https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin‘, data=json.dumps(form_data), headers={ ‘Content-Type‘: ‘application/json; charset=UTF-8‘, ‘X-Requested-With‘: ‘XMLHttpRequest‘, ‘VerificationToken‘: verification_token} )i3 = session.get(url=‘https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx‘)print(i3.text)博客园
requests 模块
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