首页 > 代码库 > Learn_Day12 模块2:模块1内容补充、requests模块、xml模块
Learn_Day12 模块2:模块1内容补充、requests模块、xml模块
模块1内容补充:
- vars() python自动设置的全局变量
- 在py文件开头用三引号注释,表示是对py文件本身的注释
- __doc__ py文件本身的文件注释
- __file__ 文件路径
- __package__ 导入py文件(自定义模块)的位置(文件夹,目录),用“.”分割
- __cached__ 缓存,python2版本无此属性
- __name__ 默认 __main__:主文件执行主函数前用作判断
- json.loads(形似对象) 用于将形似列表、字典的字符串转换成相应的列表、字典;形似对象内部的字符串必须用双引号
- “ ” 双引号在任一编程语言中均表示字符串
- [ ] 在python中表示列表,其他语言中表示数组
- { } 任一语言中均表示字典
""" njksdk,smacboasehfk,nw """ print(vars()) # {‘__file__‘: ‘/Users/macpro1/PycharmProjects/Learn_qzkf/qz_day12/qz_day12_1_模块1补充.py‘, # ‘__doc__‘: None, # ‘__cached__‘: None, # ‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x1005a5d68>, # ‘__package__‘: None, # ‘__builtins__‘: <module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>, # ‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘, # ‘__spec__‘: None} print(__doc__) # njksdk,smacboasehfk,nw a = ‘("11","22","33","alex")‘ import json a = json.loads(a) print(a)
安装第三方模块
1、软件管理工具安装
pip3 install 模块名
终端直接运行,不需要进入python运行
2、源码安装
下载源码并解压,找到setup.py所在的文件夹
在终端运行 cd setup.py所在的文件夹的路径
python3 setup.py install
requests模块
用于发送http请求(用python模拟浏览器浏览网页)
Requests 会自动解码来自服务器的内容。大多数 unicode 字符集都能被无缝地解码。
Requests 中也有一个内置的 JSON 解码器,助你处理 JSON 数据
import requests r = requests.get("http://www.weather.com.cn/adat/sk/101010500.html") # 发送get请求 r.encoding = "utf-8" # 对给返回值进行编码 a = r.text # 拿到返回值 print(a) """ {"weatherinfo": {"city": "怀柔", "cityid": "101010500", "temp": "9", "WD": "南风", "WS": "1级", "SD": "29%", "WSE": "1", "time": "10:25", "isRadar": "1", "Radar": "JC_RADAR_AZ9010_JB", "njd": "暂无实况", "qy": "1007"} } """
xml模块
http操作
# 验证QQ在线状态
View Code
# 获取根节点
# xml文件基本操作
# 创建xml文件
1 import requests 2 from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 导入模块并重新命名为ET 3 4 # 验证qq在线状态 5 r = requests.get( 6 ‘http://www.webxml.com.cn//webservices/qqOnlineWebService.asmx/qqCheckOnline?qqCode=725367‘) # 发送get请求 7 a = r.text # 拿到返回值 8 9 n = ET.XML(a) # 获得xml格式对象(将返回值XML格式化) 10 if n.text == "Y": # 获取标签中间的内容 11 print("在线") 12 else: 13 print("离线")
1 import requests 2 from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 导入模块并重新命名为ET 3 4 # 查看列车时刻表 5 r = requests.get( 6 ‘http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/TrainTimeWebService.asmx/getDetailInfoByTrainCode?TrainCode=G666&UserID=‘) 7 r = r.text # # 拿到返回值 8 # print(r) 9 # 解析XML格式内容 10 n = ET.XML(r) # 获得xml格式对象(将返回值XML格式化) 11 for i in n.iter(‘TrainDetailInfo‘): 12 print(i.find(‘TrainStation‘).text, i.find(‘StartTime‘).text, i.tag, i.attrib) 13 # n.iter(‘TrainDetailInfo‘) 寻找节点:TrainDetailInfo = 标签名,寻找标签名叫 TrainDetailInfo 的节点 14 # i.attrib 获取标签属性: 15 # i.find(‘TrainStation‘) 寻找标签: 16 # i.find(‘TrainStation‘).text 获取标签的内容 17 18 19 """ 20 西安北(车次:G666) 15: 58:00 21 TrainDetailInfo 22 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘0‘, 23 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo1‘, 24 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 25 渭南北 26 16: 17:00 27 TrainDetailInfo 28 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘1‘, 29 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo2‘, 30 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 31 三门峡南 32 17: 01:00 33 TrainDetailInfo 34 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘2‘, 35 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo3‘, 36 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 37 洛阳龙门 38 17: 34:00 39 TrainDetailInfo 40 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘3‘, 41 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo4‘, 42 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 43 郑州东 44 18: 20:00 45 TrainDetailInfo 46 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘4‘, 47 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo5‘, 48 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 49 安阳东 50 19: 03:00 51 TrainDetailInfo 52 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘5‘, 53 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo6‘, 54 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 55 邯郸东 56 19: 22:00 57 TrainDetailInfo 58 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘6‘, 59 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo7‘, 60 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 61 石家庄 62 20: 11:00 63 TrainDetailInfo 64 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘7‘, 65 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo8‘, 66 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 67 高碑店东 68 21: 01:00 69 TrainDetailInfo 70 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘8‘, 71 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo9‘, 72 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 73 北京西 74 None 75 TrainDetailInfo 76 {‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata}rowOrder‘: ‘9‘, 77 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}id‘: ‘TrainDetailInfo10‘, 78 ‘{urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1}hasChanges‘: ‘inserted‘} 79 """
1 print(n.tag) # 获取根节点 2 # {http://WebXml.com.cn/}DataSet
文件操作
1 from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 导入模块并重新命名为ET 2 3 # 方法1 4 f = open("first.xml", "r", encoding=‘utf-8‘) 5 6 r = ET.XML(f.read()) 7 8 # iter与find都是寻找的意思,iter用于寻找节点的标签,find用于寻找节点内的标签。 9 for n2 in r.find(‘country‘): 10 print(n2) 11 """ 12 <Element ‘rank‘ at 0x102220138> 13 <Element ‘year‘ at 0x102220188> 14 <Element ‘gdppc‘ at 0x1022201d8> 15 <Element ‘neighbor‘ at 0x102220228> 16 <Element ‘neighbor‘ at 0x102220278> 17 """ 18 for n2 in r.iter(‘country‘): 19 print(n2) 20 """ 21 <Element ‘country‘ at 0x102223908> 22 <Element ‘country‘ at 0x1022202c8> 23 <Element ‘country‘ at 0x102220458> 24 """ 25 26 # 方法2 27 r = ET.parse("first.xml") 28 tree_first = r.getroot() # 获取父节点 29 # 修改 30 for i in tree_first.iter("year"): 31 new_year = int(i.text) + 1 32 i.text = str(new_year) # 对xml进行更改(必须是str才能保存) 33 i.set("name", "renhang") 34 i.set("age", "19") 35 del i.attrib["name"] # 删除属性,因为xml文件为字典,所以删除属性时用[]括号 36 # 删除 37 for i in tree_first.iter("country"): # 循环父节点下的country子节点 38 rank = int(i.find("rank").text) # 将rank节点的值转换为数字 39 if rank > 50: 40 tree_first.remove(i) # 删除子节点 41 42 r.write("first.xml") 43 # i.set(a, b) 为标签添加或修改属性(a、b必须是字符串,必须传递a、b两个参数)
1 from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET # 导入模块并重新命名为ET 2 # 创建xml文件 3 # 创建根节点 4 r = ET.Element("famliy") 5 6 # 创建子节点 7 s1 = ET.Element(‘son‘, {‘name‘: ‘儿1‘}) 8 s2 = ET.Element(‘son‘, {"name": ‘儿2‘}) 9 10 g1 = ET.Element(‘grandson‘, {‘name‘: ‘儿11‘}) 11 g2 = ET.Element(‘grandson‘, {‘name‘: ‘儿12‘}) 12 # 将g1、g2两子节点分别添加到s1、s2两个子节点内,s1、s2为g1、g2的父节点 13 s1.append(g1) 14 s1.append(g2) 15 16 # 把s1、s2两个子节点添加到根节点中,r为s1、s2的父节点 17 r.append(s1) 18 r.append(s1) 19 20 tree = ET.ElementTree(r) 21 tree.write(‘new.xml‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘, short_empty_elements=False)
Learn_Day12 模块2:模块1内容补充、requests模块、xml模块
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