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Python logging模块实例教程

2024-07-06 00:25:22   220人阅读

Python logging模块,logging模块是在2.3新引进的功能,用来处理程序运行中的日志管理。
分享下该模块的一些常用的类和模块级函数。

模块级函数
logging.getLogger([name]):返回一个logger对象，如果没有指定名字将返回root logger
logging.debug()、logging.info()、logging.warning()、logging.error()、logging.critical()：设定root logger的日志级别
logging.basicConfig():用默认Formatter为日志系统建立一个StreamHandler，设置基础配置并加到root logger中
示例：logging_level_example.py

import logging
import sys

LEVELS = {‘debug‘: logging.DEBUG,
‘info‘: logging.INFO,
‘warning‘: logging.WARNING,
‘error‘: logging.ERROR,
‘critical‘: logging.CRITICAL}

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
level_name = sys.argv[1]
level = LEVELS.get(level_name, logging.NOTSET)
logging.basicConfig(level=level)

logging.debug(‘This is a debug message‘)
logging.info(‘This is an info message‘)
logging.warning(‘This is a warning message‘)
logging.error(‘This is an error message‘)
logging.critical(‘This is a critical error message‘)

输出：

$ python logging_level_example.py debug
DEBUG:root:This is a debug message
INFO:root:This is an info message
WARNING:root:This is a warning message
ERROR:root:This is an error message
CRITICAL:root:This is a critical error message
$ python logging_level_example.py info
INFO:root:This is an info message
WARNING:root:This is a warning message
ERROR:root:This is an error message
CRITICAL:root:This is a critical error message

Loggers

Logger.setLevel(lel):指定最低的日志级别，低于lel的级别将被忽略。debug是最低的内置级别，critical为最高
Logger.addFilter(filt)、Logger.removeFilter(filt):添加或删除指定的filter www.jbxue.com
Logger.addHandler(hdlr)、Logger.removeHandler(hdlr)：增加或删除指定的handler
Logger.debug()、Logger.info()、Logger.warning()、Logger.error()、Logger.critical()：可以设置的日志级别
示例：simple_logging_module.py

import logging

# create logger
logger = logging.getLogger("simple_example")
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create console handler and set level to debug
ch = logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# create formatter
formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s")

# add formatter to ch
ch.setFormatter(formatter)

# add ch to logger
logger.addHandler(ch)

# "application" code
logger.debug("debug message")
logger.info("info message")
logger.warn("warn message")
logger.error("error message")
logger.critical("critical message")

输出：

$ python simple_logging_module.py
2005-03-19 15:10:26,618 - simple_example - DEBUG - debug message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,620 - simple_example - INFO - info message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,695 - simple_example - WARNING - warn message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,697 - simple_example - ERROR - error message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,773 - simple_example - CRITICAL - critical message
Handlers
handler对象负责发送相关的信息到指定目的地。可以通过addHandler()方法添加多个多handler
Handler.setLevel(lel):指定被处理的信息级别，低于lel级别的信息将被忽略
Handler.setFormatter()：给这个handler选择一个格式
Handler.addFilter(filt)、Handler.removeFilter(filt)：新增或删除一个filter对象
Formatters
Formatter对象设置日志信息最后的规则、结构和内容，默认的时间格式为%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S，下面是Formatter常用的一些信息
%(name)s
Logger的名字
%(levelno)s
数字形式的日志级别
%(levelname)s
文本形式的日志级别
%(pathname)s
调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有
%(filename)s
调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名
%(module)s
调用日志输出函数的模块名
%(funcName)s
调用日志输出函数的函数名
%(lineno)d
调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行
%(created)f
当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示
%(relativeCreated)d
输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数
%(asctime)s
字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒
%(thread)d
线程ID。可能没有
%(threadName)s
线程名。可能没有
%(process)d
进程ID。可能没有
%(message)s
用户输出的消息

完整例子：

import logging

# set up logging to file - see previous section for more details
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
format=‘%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s‘,
datefmt=‘%m-%d %H:%M‘,
filename=‘/temp/myapp.log‘,
filemode=‘w‘)
# define a Handler which writes INFO messages or higher to the sys.stderr
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# set a format which is simpler for console use
formatter = logging.Formatter(‘%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s‘)
# tell the handler to use this format
console.setFormatter(formatter)
# add the handler to the root logger
logging.getLogger(‘‘).addHandler(console)

# Now, we can log to the root logger, or any other logger. First the root...
logging.info(‘Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.‘)

# Now, define a couple of other loggers which might represent areas in your
# application:
www.jbxue.com
logger1 = logging.getLogger(‘myapp.area1‘)
logger2 = logging.getLogger(‘myapp.area2‘)

logger1.debug(‘Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.‘)
logger1.info(‘How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.‘)
logger2.warning(‘Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.‘)
logger2.error(‘The five boxing wizards jump quickly.‘)

运行后，在终端看到的结果
root : INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.
myapp.area1 : INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.
myapp.area2 : WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.
myapp.area2 : ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly.
在日志文件中的结果
10-22 22:19 root INFO Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area1 DEBUG Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area1 INFO How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area2 WARNING Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area2 ERROR The five boxing wizards jump quickly.

发现DEBUG信息只有在文件中出现，这是因为StreamHandler中setLevel是INFO，可以看出Logger.setLevel()和handler.setLevel()的区别
详细信息请参阅 http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html


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