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用java套接字创建HTTP客户与服务器程序
最近再学习java的web编程,发现用java创建一个小的服务器和客户端是如此的简单,引用经典图书《Tomcat与Java Web开发技术详解(第二版)》(孙卫琴)
根据书中案例敲代码自己学习,放这里记录一下,以便复习:)
服务器端程序,接收客户端程序发出的HTTP请求,把它打印到控制台,然后解析HTTP请求,并向客户端发回相应的HTTP响应。
HTTPServer类中service()方法中,先读取HTTP请求数据,然后获得HTTP请求中的URL,随后创建一个读取本地文件的输入流,该文件的路径由URI决定
HTTPServer.java:
package server;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class HTTPServer {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int port;
ServerSocket serverSocket;
try {
port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
}catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("port = 8080 (默认)");
port = 8080;
}
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
System.out.println("服务器正在监听端口:"+serverSocket.getLocalPort());
while(true) {
try {
//等待客户端的TCP连接请求
final Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
System.out.println("建立了与客户的一个新的TCP连接,该客户的地址为:"
+socket.getInetAddress()+":"+socket.getPort());
service(socket);
} catch(Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
} //#while
} catch(Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
}
/*响应客户的HTTP请求*/
public static void service(Socket socket) throws Exception {
/*读取HTTP请求信息*/
InputStream socketIn = socket.getInputStream(); //获得输入流
Thread.sleep(500); //睡眠500毫秒,等待HTTP请求
int size = socketIn.available();
byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
socketIn.read(buffer);
String request = new String(buffer);
System.out.println("http请求数据: \n"+request); //打印HTTP请求数据
/*解析HTTP请求*/
//获得HTTP请求的第一行
String firstLineOfRequest=request.substring(0,request.indexOf("\r\n"));
//解析HTTP请求的第一行
String[] parts = firstLineOfRequest.split(" ");
String uri = parts[1]; //获得HTTP请求中的uri
/*决定HTTP响应正文的类型,此处做了简化处理*/
String contentType;
if(uri.indexOf("html")!= -1 || uri.indexOf("htm") != -1)
contentType = "text/html";
else if(uri.indexOf("jpg")!= -1 || uri.indexOf("jpeg")!= -1)
contentType = "image/jpeg";
else if(uri.indexOf("gif")!= -1)
contentType = "image/gif";
else
contentType = "application/octet-stream"; //字节流类型
/*创建HTTP响应结果*/
//HTTP响应的第一行
String responseFirstLine = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
//HTTP响应头
String responseHeader = "Content-Type:"+contentType+"\r\n\r\n";
//获得读取响应正文数据的数据流
InputStream in = HTTPServer.class.getResourceAsStream("root/"+uri);
/*发送HTTP响应结果*/
OutputStream socketOut = socket.getOutputStream(); //获取数据流
//发送HTTP响应的第一行
socketOut.write(responseFirstLine.getBytes());
//发送HTTP响应头
socketOut.write(responseHeader.getBytes());
//发送HTTP响应的正文
int len=0;
buffer = new byte[128];
while((len=in.read(buffer))!=-1)
socketOut.write(buffer,0,len);
Thread.sleep(1000); //睡眠1秒,等待客户端接受HTTP响应结果
socket.close(); //关闭TCP连接
}
}
客户端程序,以GET方式向HTTP服务器发送HTTP请求,然后把接收到的HTTP响应结果打印到控制台,并没有进行解析
HTTPClient.java
package client;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
public class HTTPClient {
public static void main(String args[]) {
//确定HTTP请求的uri
String uri = "Welcome.html";
if(args.length !=0)
uri=args[0];
doGet("localhost",8080,uri); //按照GET请求方式访问HTTPServer
}
/**按照GET请求方式访问HTTPServer */
private static void doGet(String host, int port, String uri) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Socket socket = null;
try{
socket = new Socket(host,port); //与HTTPServer建立TCP连接
}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
try{
/*创建HTTP请求*/
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("GET "+uri+" HTTP/1.1\r\n"); //HTTP请求的第一行
//HTTP请求头
sb.append("Accept: */*\r\n");
sb.append("Accept-Language: zh-cn\r\n");
sb.append("Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\n");
sb.append("User-Agent: HTTPClient\r\n");
sb.append("Host: localhost:8080\r\n");
sb.append("Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n\r\n");
/*发送HTTP请求*/
OutputStream socketOut = socket.getOutputStream(); //获得输出流
socketOut.write(sb.toString().getBytes());
Thread.sleep(2000); //睡眠2秒,等待响应结果
/*接受响应结果*/
InputStream socketIn = socket.getInputStream();
int size = socketIn.available();
byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
socketIn.read(buffer);
System.out.println(new String(buffer)); //打印响应结果
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
socket.close();
}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
}
}
}
客户端参数&服务端本地文件Hello1.html:
<html>
<head>
<title>
HelloWorld!
</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
<img src="http://www.mamicode.com/xiongbenxiong.gif" align="middle"/>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
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用java套接字创建HTTP客户与服务器程序