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Java网络编程
Socket是建立在TCP/IP上的API，连接需实现三次握手。一旦连接建立，服务端和客户端便可开始相互发送数据，直到一方断开连接为止。
Http连接使用的是“请求—响应”的方式，每次请求都需要服务器回送响应，在请求结束后，会主动释放连接。从建立连接到关闭连接的过程称为“一次连接”。
Socket：长连接。多用于操作频繁（握手耗时），点对点通讯，且连接数不太多情况，如数据库连接。通过心跳连接确定是否存活，方便清理死连接。
Http：短连接。多用于并发数多的情况，如Web网站。这样可以节省服务器的资源，减小压力。
Socket实例：
1 package com.hailin.demo; 2 3 import java.awt.BorderLayout; 4 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; 5 import java.awt.event.ActionListener; 6 import java.io.DataInputStream; 7 import java.io.DataOutputStream; 8 import java.io.IOException; 9 import java.net.Socket;10 import java.util.Date;11 12 import javax.swing.JFrame;13 import javax.swing.JLabel;14 import javax.swing.JPanel;15 import javax.swing.JScrollPane;16 import javax.swing.JTextArea;17 import javax.swing.JTextField;18 19 public class Client extends JFrame {20 21 private JTextField jtf = new JTextField();22 private JTextArea jta = new JTextArea();23 24 private DataOutputStream toServer;25 private DataInputStream fromServer;26 27 public static void main(String[] args) {28 new Client();29 }30 31 public Client() {32 33 JPanel p = new JPanel();34 p.setLayout(new BorderLayout());35 p.add(new JLabel("Enter radius: "), BorderLayout.WEST);36 p.add(jtf, BorderLayout.CENTER);37 jtf.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.RIGHT);38 39 setLayout(new BorderLayout());40 add(p, BorderLayout.NORTH);41 add(new JScrollPane(jta), BorderLayout.CENTER);42 43 jtf.addActionListener(new ButtonListener());44 45 setTitle("Client");46 setSize(500, 300);47 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);48 setVisible(true);49 50 try {51 52 Socket socket = new Socket("10.197.32.98", 8000);53 54 fromServer = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());55 toServer = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());56 57 } catch (IOException ex) {58 System.err.println(ex);59 jta.append("Server isn‘t started at " + new Date() + ‘\n‘);60 jta.append(ex.toString() + ‘\n‘);61 }62 63 }64 65 private class ButtonListener implements ActionListener {66 public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {67 try {68 69 double radius = Double.parseDouble(jtf.getText().trim());70 71 toServer.writeDouble(radius);72 toServer.flush();73 74 double area = fromServer.readDouble();75 76 jta.append("Radius is " + radius + ‘\n‘);77 jta.append("Area recevied from the server is " + area + ‘\n‘);78 79 } catch (IOException ex) {80 System.err.println(ex);81 jta.append("Server is closed at " + new Date() + ‘\n‘);82 jta.append(ex.toString() + ‘\n‘);83 }84 }85 }86 87 }
package com.hailin.demo;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.io.DataInputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.InetAddress;import java.net.ServerSocket;import java.net.Socket;import java.util.Date;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JScrollPane;import javax.swing.JTextArea;public class MultiThreadServer extends JFrame{ private JTextArea jta = new JTextArea(); public static void main(String[] args) { new MultiThreadServer(); } public MultiThreadServer() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add(new JScrollPane(jta), BorderLayout.CENTER); setTitle("MultiThreadServer"); setSize(500, 300); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setVisible(true); try { ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8000); jta.append("Server started at " + new Date() + ‘\n‘); int clientNo = 1; while (true) { Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); jta.append("Starting thread fo client " + clientNo + " at " + new Date() + ‘\n‘); InetAddress inetAddress = socket.getInetAddress(); jta.append("Client " + clientNo + "‘s host name is " + inetAddress.getHostName() + ‘\n‘); jta.append("Client " + clientNo + "‘s IP address is " + inetAddress.getHostAddress() + ‘\n‘); HandleAClient task = new HandleAClient(socket, clientNo); new Thread(task).start(); clientNo++; } } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println(ex); } } class HandleAClient implements Runnable { private Socket socket; private int clientNo; public HandleAClient(Socket socket, int clientNo) { this.socket = socket; this.clientNo = clientNo; } public void run() { try { DataInputStream inputFromClient = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream()); DataOutputStream outputToClient = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()); while (true) { double radius = inputFromClient.readDouble(); double area = radius * radius * Math.PI; outputToClient.writeDouble(area); jta.append("Radius received from client: " + radius + ‘\n‘); jta.append("Area found: " + area + ‘\n‘); } } catch (IOException ex) { System.err.println(ex); jta.append("Client " + clientNo + " is closed unexpectly at " + new Date() + ‘\n‘); jta.append(ex.toString() + ‘\n‘); } } } }
Java网络编程
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