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使用Maven创建一个Spring MVC Web 项目
使用Maven创建java web 项目(Spring MVC)用到如下工具:
1、Maven 3.2
2、IntelliJ IDEA 13
3、JDK 1.7
4、Spring 4.1.1 released
5、Tomcat7
6、Logback 1.0.13 日志输出组件
接下来开始演示如何用Maven模板创建web项目
1、使用maven-archetype-webapp模板快速创建web项目的骨架结构
打开控制台,进入到你想要创建web项目的目录,然后运行如下命令:
1 $ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.yanyd 2 -DartifactId=CounterWebApp 3 -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp 4 -DinteractiveMode=false
一个名为CounterWebApp的项目就被创建起来了,标准的web目录结构就会被自动创建,结构如下:
1 |____CounterWebApp2 | |____pom.xml3 | |____src4 | | |____main5 | | | |____resources6 | | | |____webapp7 | | | | |____index.jsp8 | | | | |____WEB-INF9 | | | | | |____web.xml
源码包java/com/yanyd并不会自动创建,需要我们自己手动创建,然后将在IDEA中将该目录变成src目录。
2、使用命令mvn idea:idea 把该项目变成IDEA支持的项目,然后导入中IDEA中进行编程。
接下来要在pom.xml文件中配置项目依赖的文件和编译、部署插件,内容如下:
1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 2 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 3 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 4 <groupId>com.yanyd</groupId> 5 <artifactId>CounterWebApp</artifactId> 6 <packaging>war</packaging> 7 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 8 <name>CounterWebApp Maven Webapp</name> 9 <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 10 <properties> 11 <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version> 12 <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version> 13 <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> 14 <junit.version>4.11</junit.version> 15 <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version> 16 <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version> 17 </properties> 18 <dependencies> 19 <dependency> 20 <groupId>junit</groupId> 21 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 22 <version>${junit.version}</version> 23 <scope>test</scope> 24 </dependency> 25 26 <!--spring core--> 27 <dependency> 28 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 29 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 30 <version>${spring.version}</version> 31 <exclusions> 32 <exclusion> 33 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> 34 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> 35 </exclusion> 36 </exclusions> 37 </dependency> 38 39 <dependency> 40 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> 41 <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> 42 <version>${jcl-over-slf4j.version}</version> 43 </dependency> 44 45 <dependency> 46 <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> 47 <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> 48 <version>${logback.version}</version> 49 </dependency> 50 51 <dependency> 52 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 53 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 54 <version>${spring.version}</version> 55 </dependency> 56 57 <dependency> 58 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 59 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 60 <version>${spring.version}</version> 61 </dependency> 62 63 <!-- jstl --> 64 <dependency> 65 <groupId>jstl</groupId> 66 <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 67 <version>${jstl.version}</version> 68 </dependency> 69 70 </dependencies> 71 <build> 72 <!--最终生成的war文件名--> 73 <finalName>CounterWebApp</finalName> 74 <plugins> 75 76 <!-- Set JDK Compiler Level --> 77 <plugin> 78 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 79 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 80 <version>3.2</version> 81 <configuration> 82 <source>${jdk.version}</source> 83 <target>${jdk.version}</target> 84 </configuration> 85 </plugin> 86 87 <!-- For Maven Tomcat Plugin --> 88 <plugin> 89 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> 90 <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> 91 <version>2.2</version> 92 <configuration> 93 <!--Deploy to server--> 94 <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url> 95 <server>Tomcat7Server</server> 96 <path>/CounterWebApp</path> 97 </configuration> 98 </plugin> 99 </plugins>100 </build>101 </project>
3、编写源文件,测试Spring MVC框架是否正常,最终的文件结构如下:
1 |____pom.xml 2 |____src 3 | |____main 4 | | |____java 5 | | | |____com 6 | | | | |____yanyd 7 | | | | | |____controller 8 | | | | | | |____BaseController.java 9 | | |____resources10 | | | |____logback.xml11 | | |____webapp12 | | | |____WEB-INF13 | | | | |____mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml14 | | | | |____pages15 | | | | | |____index.jsp16 | | | | |____web.xml
开始写Spring MVC控制类,BaseController.java:
1 package com.yanyd.controller; 2 3 import org.slf4j.Logger; 4 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; 5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 6 import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; 7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;10 11 /**12 * Created by Administrator on 15-1-31.13 */14 /*There must be a Controller annotation or the application will doesn‘t work .*/15 @Controller16 public class BaseController {17 private static int counter=0;18 private static final String VIEW_INDEX="index";19 private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseController.class);20 21 @RequestMapping(value = "http://www.mamicode.com/" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)22 public String welcome(ModelMap model){23 model.addAttribute("message","Welcome");24 model.addAttribute("counter",++counter);25 logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter);26 return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp27 }28 29 @RequestMapping(value = "http://www.mamicode.com/{name}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)30 public String welcome(@PathVariable String name , ModelMap model){31 model.addAttribute("message","Welcome "+name);32 model.addAttribute("counter",++counter);33 logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter);34 return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp35 }36 }
有一点要注意的就是Controller注解一定写,否则部署后访问时会出现404,一直找不到问题在哪!
接着写Spring的配置文件,mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml:
1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 2 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation=" 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 9 10 <context:component-scan base-package="com.yanyd.controller"/>11 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">12 <property name="prefix">13 <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value>14 </property>15 <property name="suffix">16 <value>.jsp</value>17 </property>18 </bean>19 </beans>
最后要在web.xml文件中把Spring框架集成进来并配置监听器:
1 <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 2 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 4 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" 5 version="2.5"> 6 7 <display-name>Counter Web Application </display-name> 8 9 <servlet>10 <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>11 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>12 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>13 </servlet>14 <servlet-mapping>15 <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>16 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>17 </servlet-mapping>18 19 <context-param>20 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>21 <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>22 </context-param>23 24 <listener>25 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>26 </listener>27 </web-app>
为了避免我们的jsp文件被直接访问,需要在WEB-INF目录下创建一个pages目录,并把jsp文件放入里面,index.jsp内容如下:
1 <html>2 <body>3 <h1>Maven + Spring MVC Web Project Example</h1>4 <h2>Hello World!</h2>5 <h3>Message:${message}</h3>6 <h3>Counter:${counter}</h3>7 </body>8 </html>
为了让日志输出组件起作用,还需在resources目录下创建一个日志输出的配置文件logback.xml:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <configuration> 3 4 <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> 5 <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"> 6 7 <Pattern> 8 %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n 9 </Pattern>10 11 </layout>12 </appender>13 14 <logger name="com.yanyd.controller" level="debug"15 additivity="false">16 <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />17 </logger>18 19 <root level="error">20 <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />21 </root>22 23 </configuration>
4、部署web项目
方法1:mvn package,把生成的war文件部署到tomcat里。
方法2:mvn idea:idea,把项目转成支持IDEA的项目后直接在IDEA中部署。
方法3:mvn tomcat:run,如果已经在pom文件里配置了tomcat部署插件,直接运行该命令,会把项目部署到8080端口。
5、访问项目
http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/
http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/yanyd
如果内容正常输出,那么就是部署成功,项目结构也没问题!
使用Maven创建一个Spring MVC Web 项目