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C#操作xml文件
有些时候我们需要生成一个xml文档作为数据交换的容器。当然我们用拼接字符串的方法来进行构建xml,但是这种方法虽然简单有效,但是如果xml文档结构过于复杂,拼接字符串会让人眼花缭乱。这时候就需要C#给我们提供现成的类库,以供我们自由的创建xml文档。
比如我们要创建如下的xml文档
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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <ns0:Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request xmlns:ns0="http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003">
- <ZWERKS>ZFM1</ZWERKS>
- <TAB1>
- <ZNO>13022101</ZNO>
- <ZORDER>2013238955</ZORDER>
- <ZWEIGHT>4140</ZWEIGHT>
- </TAB1>
- <TAB1>
- <ZNO>13022101</ZNO>
- <ZORDER>2013239627</ZORDER>
- <ZWEIGHT>4140</ZWEIGHT>
- </TAB1>
- </ns0:Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ns0:Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request xmlns:ns0="http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003"> <ZWERKS>ZFM1</ZWERKS> <TAB1> <ZNO>13022101</ZNO> <ZORDER>2013238955</ZORDER> <ZWEIGHT>4140</ZWEIGHT> </TAB1> <TAB1> <ZNO>13022101</ZNO> <ZORDER>2013239627</ZORDER> <ZWEIGHT>4140</ZWEIGHT> </TAB1> </ns0:Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request>
选取这样的结构,一方面是因为它来自于论坛某位坛友实际的需求,另一方面它足够简单却有代表性。
下面我将以这个例子用两种方法(XmlDocument和Linq to XML)进行讲解。
1、XmlDocument
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- XmlDocument document = new XmlDocument();
- XmlDeclaration declaration = document.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", "");//xml文档的声明部分
- document.AppendChild(declaration);
- XmlElement root = document.CreateElement("ns0", "Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003");
- document.AppendChild(root);
- XmlElement zwerks = document.CreateElement("ZWERKS");
- zwerks.InnerText = "ZFM1";
- root.AppendChild(zwerks);
- XmlElement tab1 = document.CreateElement("TAB1");
- root.AppendChild(tab1);
- XmlElement zno = document.CreateElement("ZNO");
- zno.InnerText = "13022101";
- tab1.AppendChild(zno);
- XmlElement zorder = document.CreateElement("ZORDER");
- zorder.InnerText = "2013238955";
- tab1.AppendChild(zorder);
- XmlElement zweight = document.CreateElement("ZWEIGHT");
- zweight.InnerText = "4140";
- tab1.AppendChild(zweight);
- XmlElement tab2 = document.CreateElement("TAB1");
- root.AppendChild(tab2);
- XmlElement zno2 = document.CreateElement("ZNO");
- zno2.InnerText = "13022101";
- tab2.AppendChild(zno2);
- XmlElement zorder2 = document.CreateElement("ZORDER");
- zorder2.InnerText = "2013238955";
- tab2.AppendChild(zorder2);
- XmlElement zweight2 = document.CreateElement("ZWEIGHT");
- zweight2.InnerText = "4140";
- tab2.AppendChild(zweight2);
- document.Save("test.xml");//将生成好的xml保存到test.xml文件中
XmlDocument document = new XmlDocument(); XmlDeclaration declaration = document.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", "");//xml文档的声明部分 document.AppendChild(declaration); XmlElement root = document.CreateElement("ns0", "Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003"); document.AppendChild(root); XmlElement zwerks = document.CreateElement("ZWERKS"); zwerks.InnerText = "ZFM1"; root.AppendChild(zwerks); XmlElement tab1 = document.CreateElement("TAB1"); root.AppendChild(tab1); XmlElement zno = document.CreateElement("ZNO"); zno.InnerText = "13022101"; tab1.AppendChild(zno); XmlElement zorder = document.CreateElement("ZORDER"); zorder.InnerText = "2013238955"; tab1.AppendChild(zorder); XmlElement zweight = document.CreateElement("ZWEIGHT"); zweight.InnerText = "4140"; tab1.AppendChild(zweight); XmlElement tab2 = document.CreateElement("TAB1"); root.AppendChild(tab2); XmlElement zno2 = document.CreateElement("ZNO"); zno2.InnerText = "13022101"; tab2.AppendChild(zno2); XmlElement zorder2 = document.CreateElement("ZORDER"); zorder2.InnerText = "2013238955"; tab2.AppendChild(zorder2); XmlElement zweight2 = document.CreateElement("ZWEIGHT"); zweight2.InnerText = "4140"; tab2.AppendChild(zweight2); document.Save("test.xml");//将生成好的xml保存到test.xml文件中
2、Linq to XML
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- XDocument document = new XDocument();
- document.Declaration = new XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", "");
- XNamespace ns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003";
- XElement root = new XElement(ns + "Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request",
- new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "ns0", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003"));
- root.Add(new XElement("ZWERKS", "ZFM1"),
- new XElement("TAB1",
- new XElement("ZNO", 13022101),
- new XElement("ZORDER", 2013238955),
- new XElement("ZWEIGHT", 4140)),
- new XElement("TAB1",
- new XElement("ZNO", 13022101),
- new XElement("ZORDER", 2013238955),
- new XElement("ZWEIGHT", 4140))
- );
- document.Add(root);
- document.Save("test.xml");//保存xml到文件
XDocument document = new XDocument(); document.Declaration = new XDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", ""); XNamespace ns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003"; XElement root = new XElement(ns + "Z_AVS_UPLOAD_WEIGHT_Request", new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "ns0", "http://schemas.microsoft.com/BizTalk/2003")); root.Add(new XElement("ZWERKS", "ZFM1"), new XElement("TAB1", new XElement("ZNO", 13022101), new XElement("ZORDER", 2013238955), new XElement("ZWEIGHT", 4140)), new XElement("TAB1", new XElement("ZNO", 13022101), new XElement("ZORDER", 2013238955), new XElement("ZWEIGHT", 4140)) ); document.Add(root); document.Save("test.xml");//保存xml到文件
可以发现Linq to XML的方法比较简洁,代码量也足够小。当然了XmlDocument的方法可以进一步的简化,这里重点展示一下Linq to XML的魅力。
呵呵,如上只当给需要的朋友提供一下思路和解决方案。关于Linq to xml的更多信息可以参考:XNamespace。
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再提供一个例子:
有a.xml:
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- <a>
- <xingming>
- <item>
- <name>张三</name>
- <code>1</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>李四</name>
- <code>2</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>王五</name>
- <code>3</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>赵四</name>
- <code>4</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>王二麻子</name>
- <code>5</code>
- </item>
- </xingming>
- <nianji>
- <item>
- <name>一年级</name>
- <banji>一班</banji>
- </item>
- </nianji>
- </a>
<a> <xingming> <item> <name>张三</name> <code>1</code> </item> <item> <name>李四</name> <code>2</code> </item> <item> <name>王五</name> <code>3</code> </item> <item> <name>赵四</name> <code>4</code> </item> <item> <name>王二麻子</name> <code>5</code> </item> </xingming> <nianji> <item> <name>一年级</name> <banji>一班</banji> </item> </nianji> </a>
想转换成b.xml:
[html] view plain copy print?
- <b>
- <xingming>
- <items>
- <item>
- <Xingname1>张三</Xingname1>
- <Xingcode1>1</Xingcode1>
- <Xingname2>李四</Xingname2>
- <Xingcode2>2</Xingcode2>
- </item>
- <item>
- <Xingname1>王五</Xingname1>
- <Xingcode1>3</Xingcode1>
- <Xingname2>赵四</Xingname2>
- <Xingcode2>4</Xingcode2>
- </item>
- <item>
- <Xingname1>王二麻子</Xingname1>
- <Xingcode1>5</Xingcode1>
- </item>
- </items>
- </xingming>
- <nianji>
- <item>
- <name>一年级</name>
- <name>一班</name>
- </item>
- </nianji>
- </b>
<b> <xingming> <items> <item> <Xingname1>张三</Xingname1> <Xingcode1>1</Xingcode1> <Xingname2>李四</Xingname2> <Xingcode2>2</Xingcode2> </item> <item> <Xingname1>王五</Xingname1> <Xingcode1>3</Xingcode1> <Xingname2>赵四</Xingname2> <Xingcode2>4</Xingcode2> </item> <item> <Xingname1>王二麻子</Xingname1> <Xingcode1>5</Xingcode1> </item> </items> </xingming> <nianji> <item> <name>一年级</name> <name>一班</name> </item> </nianji> </b>
代码如下:
[csharp] view plain copy print?
- namespace ConsoleApplication1
- {
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- string xml = @"<a>
- <xingming>
- <item>
- <name>张三</name>
- <code>1</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>李四</name>
- <code>2</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>王五</name>
- <code>3</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>赵四</name>
- <code>4</code>
- </item>
- <item>
- <name>王二麻子</name>
- <code>5</code>
- </item>
- </xingming>
- <nianji>
- <item>
- <name>一年级</name>
- <banji>一班</banji>
- </item>
- </nianji>
- </a>";
- XmlDocument newXmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- XmlElement b = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("b");
- newXmlDoc.AppendChild(b);
- XmlElement xingming = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("xingming");
- b.AppendChild(xingming);
- XmlElement items = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("items");
- xingming.AppendChild(items);
- XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- xmlDoc.LoadXml(xml);
- XmlElement item = null;
- //直接定位到/a/xingming节点下的子节点
- var nodes = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/a/xingming").ChildNodes;
- for (int i = 0; i < nodes.Count; i++)
- {
- XmlNode node = nodes.Item(i);
- //节点项为偶数时,创建item节点
- if (i % 2 == 0)
- {
- item = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("item");
- items.AppendChild(item);
- }
- //item节点追加Xingname节点
- XmlElement Xingname = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("Xingname" + (i % 2 + 1));
- Xingname.InnerText = node.SelectSingleNode("name").InnerText;
- item.AppendChild(Xingname);
- //item节点追加Xingcode节点
- XmlElement Xingcode = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("Xingcode" + (i % 2 + 1));
- Xingcode.InnerText = node.SelectSingleNode("code").InnerText;
- item.AppendChild(Xingcode);
- }
- XmlElement nianji = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("nianji");
- b.AppendChild(nianji);
- XmlElement item1 = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("item");
- nianji.AppendChild(item1);
- XmlElement name = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("name");
- name.InnerText = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/a/nianji/item/name").InnerText;
- item1.AppendChild(name);
- XmlElement banji = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("name");
- banji.InnerText = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/a/nianji/item/banji").InnerText;
- item1.AppendChild(banji);
- newXmlDoc.Save("b.xml");
- }
- }
- }
namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string xml = @"<a> <xingming> <item> <name>张三</name> <code>1</code> </item> <item> <name>李四</name> <code>2</code> </item> <item> <name>王五</name> <code>3</code> </item> <item> <name>赵四</name> <code>4</code> </item> <item> <name>王二麻子</name> <code>5</code> </item> </xingming> <nianji> <item> <name>一年级</name> <banji>一班</banji> </item> </nianji> </a>"; XmlDocument newXmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); XmlElement b = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("b"); newXmlDoc.AppendChild(b); XmlElement xingming = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("xingming"); b.AppendChild(xingming); XmlElement items = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("items"); xingming.AppendChild(items); XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.LoadXml(xml); XmlElement item = null; //直接定位到/a/xingming节点下的子节点 var nodes = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/a/xingming").ChildNodes; for (int i = 0; i < nodes.Count; i++) { XmlNode node = nodes.Item(i); //节点项为偶数时,创建item节点 if (i % 2 == 0) { item = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("item"); items.AppendChild(item); } //item节点追加Xingname节点 XmlElement Xingname = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("Xingname" + (i % 2 + 1)); Xingname.InnerText = node.SelectSingleNode("name").InnerText; item.AppendChild(Xingname); //item节点追加Xingcode节点 XmlElement Xingcode = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("Xingcode" + (i % 2 + 1)); Xingcode.InnerText = node.SelectSingleNode("code").InnerText; item.AppendChild(Xingcode); } XmlElement nianji = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("nianji"); b.AppendChild(nianji); XmlElement item1 = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("item"); nianji.AppendChild(item1); XmlElement name = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("name"); name.InnerText = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/a/nianji/item/name").InnerText; item1.AppendChild(name); XmlElement banji = newXmlDoc.CreateElement("name"); banji.InnerText = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/a/nianji/item/banji").InnerText; item1.AppendChild(banji); newXmlDoc.Save("b.xml"); } } }
C#操作xml文件
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