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Unity游戏设计之飞碟游戏
编制一个射飞碟游戏。
具体要求如下：
1 假设有一支枪在摄像机位置（0，1，-10），在（0，0，0-10-20）放置三个小球作为距离标记，调整视角直到小球在下中部
2 将鼠标所在平面坐标，转换为子弹（球体）射出的角度方向。子弹使用物理引擎，初速度恒定。（U3d 坐标变换： http://www.cnblogs.com/tekkaman/p/3809409.html ）
Vector3 mp = Input.mousePosition; //get Screen Position
print (mp.ToString());
Vector3 mp1 = cam.camera.ScreenToViewportPoint (mp);
mp1.z = 10; //距摄像头 10 位置立面
mp1 = cam.camera.ViewportToWorldPoint (mp1);
print (mp1.ToString());
3 游戏要分多个 round ， 飞碟数量每个 round 都是 n 个，但色彩，大小；发射位置，速度，角度，每次发射数量按预定规则变化。
4 用户按空格后，321倒数3秒，飞碟飞出（物理引擎控制），点击鼠标，子弹飞出。飞碟落地，或被击中，则准备下一次射击。
5 以下是一些技术要求：
? 子弹仅需要一个，不用时处于 deactive 状态
? 飞碟用一个带缓存的工厂生产，template 中放置预制的飞碟对象
? 程序类图设计大致如下：
具体实现：
脚本实现子弹射击
脚本挂在在摄像机上
子弹射击的思路：当用户点击鼠标时，从摄像机到鼠标创建一条射线，射线的方向即是子弹发射的方向，子弹采用刚体组件，因此发射子弹只需要给子弹施加一个力。子弹对象只有一个，下一次发射子弹时，必须改变子弹的位置（虽然有了刚体组件不建议修改transform，但也没有其它方法改变子弹位置了吧）。为了不让子弹继承上一次发射的速度，必须将子弹的速度归零重置。
子弹的击中判断：采用射线而不是物理引擎，因为物理引擎在高速物体碰撞时经常不能百分百检测得到。
完成飞碟工厂
创建新的命名空间Com.Mygame，单例类DiskFactory和SceneController都定义其中。飞碟工厂类的目的是管理飞碟实例，同时对外屏蔽飞碟实例的的提取和回收细节，对于需要使用飞碟的其他对象，只能使用工厂类提供的3个函数，分别是getDisk()、getDiskObject()、free()。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Com.Mygame;
namespace Com.Mygame {
public class DiskFactory: System.Object {
private static DiskFactory _instance;
private static List<GameObject> diskList;
public GameObject diskPrefab;
public static DiskFactory getInstance() {
if (_instance == null) {
_instance = new DiskFactory();
diskList = new List<GameObject>();
}
return _instance;
}
// 获取可用飞碟id
public int getDisk() {
for (int i = 0; i < diskList.Count; ++i) {
if (!diskList[i].activeInHierarchy) {
return i; // 飞碟空闲
}
}
// 无空闲飞碟，则实例新的飞碟预设
diskList.Add(GameObject.Instantiate(diskPrefab) as GameObject);
return diskList.Count-1;
}
// 获取飞碟对象
public GameObject getDiskObject(int id) {
if (id >= 0 && id < diskList.Count) {
return diskList[id];
}
return null;
}
// 回收飞碟
public void free(int id) {
if (id >= 0 && id < diskList.Count) {
// 重置飞碟速度
diskList[id].GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = Vector3.zero;
// 重置飞碟大小
diskList[id].transform.localScale = diskPrefab.transform.localScale;
diskList[id].SetActive(false);
}
}
}
}
public class DiskFactoryBaseCode : MonoBehaviour {
public GameObject disk;
void Awake () {
// 初始化预设对象
DiskFactory.getInstance().diskPrefab = disk;
}
}
完成游戏场景
场景类是整个飞碟射击游戏的核心类，主要负责飞碟动作的处理。参考师兄的设计：首先需要倒计时功能，可以通过几个整型变量和布尔变量完成。另外需要飞碟发射功能，通过setting函数保存好飞碟的发射信息，每次倒计时完成后，通过emitDisks获取飞碟对象，并通过发射信息初始化飞碟，再给飞碟一个力就可以发射了。而飞碟的回收在Update里完成，一种是飞碟被击中（飞碟不在场景中）了，需要调用Judge获得分数。另一种是飞碟在场景中，但是掉在地上了，需要调用Judge丢失分数。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Com.Mygame;
public class GameModel : MonoBehaviour {
public float countDown = 3f;
public float timeToEmit;
private bool counting;
private bool shooting;
public bool isCounting() {
return counting;
}
public bool isShooting() {
return shooting;
}
private List<GameObject> disks = new List<GameObject> ();
private List<int> diskIds = new List<int> ();
private int diskScale;
private Color diskColor;
private Vector3 emitPosition;
private Vector3 emitDirection;
private float emitSpeed;
private int emitNumber;
private bool emitEnable;
private SceneController scene;
void Awake() {
scene = SceneController.getInstance ();
scene.setGameModel (this);
}
public void setting(int scale, Color color, Vector3 emitPos, Vector3 emitDir, float speed, int num) {
diskScale = scale;
diskColor = color;
emitPosition = emitPos;
emitDirection = emitDir;
emitSpeed = speed;
emitNumber = num;
}
public void prepareToEmitDisk() {
if (!counting && !shooting) {
timeToEmit = countDown;
emitEnable = true;
}
}
void emitDisks() {
for (int i = 0; i < emitNumber; i++) {
diskIds.Add (DiskFactory.getInstance ().getDisk ());
disks.Add (DiskFactory.getInstance ().getDiskObject (diskIds [i]));
disks [i].transform.localScale *= diskScale;
disks [i].GetComponent<Renderer> ().material.color = diskColor;
disks [i].transform.position = new Vector3 (emitPosition.x, emitPosition.y + i, emitPosition.z);
disks [i].SetActive (true);
disks [i].GetComponent<Rigidbody> ().AddForce (emitDirection * Random.Range (emitSpeed * 5, emitSpeed * 10) / 10, ForceMode.Impulse);
}
}
void freeDisk(int i) {
DiskFactory.getInstance ().free (diskIds [i]);
disks.RemoveAt (i);
diskIds.RemoveAt (i);
}
void FixedUpdate() {
if (timeToEmit > 0) {
counting = true;
timeToEmit -= Time.deltaTime;
} else {
counting = false;
if (emitEnable) {
emitDisks ();
emitEnable = false;
shooting = true;
}
}
}
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
for (int i = 0; i < disks.Count; i++) {
if (!disks [i].activeInHierarchy) {
scene.getJudge ().scoreADisk ();
freeDisk (i);
} else if (disks [i].transform.position.y < 0) {
scene.getJudge ().failADisk ();
freeDisk (i);
}
}
if (disks.Count == 0) {
shooting = false;
}
}
}
场景控制器
场景控制类主要实现接口定义和保存注入对象。另外它有两个私有变量round和point，分别记录游戏正在进行的回合，以及玩家目前的得分。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using Com.Mygame;
namespace Com.Mygame {
// Com.Mygame内添加
public interface IUserInterface {
void emitDisk();
}
public interface IQueryStatus {
bool isCounting();
bool isShooting();
int getRound();
int getPoint();
int getEmitTime();
}
public class SceneController : System.Object, IQueryStatus, IUserInterface {
private static SceneController _instance;
private GameModel _gameModel;
private SceneControllerBaseCode _baseCode;
private int _round;
private int _point;
public static SceneController getInstance() {
if (_instance == null) {
_instance = new SceneController ();
}
return _instance;
}
public void setSceneControllerBaseCode (SceneControllerBaseCode obj) {
_baseCode = obj;
}
internal SceneControllerBaseCode getSceneControllerBC() {
return _baseCode;
}
public void setGameModel(GameModel obj) {
_gameModel = obj;
}
// 当前程序或派生类可用
internal GameModel getGameModel() {
return _gameModel;
}
public void emitDisk() {
_gameModel.prepareToEmitDisk ();
}
public bool isCounting() {
return _gameModel.isCounting ();
}
public bool isShooting() {
return _gameModel.isShooting ();
}
public int getRound() {
return _round;
}
public int getPoint() {
return _point;
}
public int getEmitTime() {
return (int)_gameModel.timeToEmit + 1;
}
public void setPoint(int point) {
_point = point;
}
public void nextRound() {
_point = 0;
}
}
}
public class SceneControllerBaseCode : MonoBehaviour {
private Color color;
private Vector3 emitPos;
private Vector3 emitDir;
private float speed;
void Awake() {
SceneController.getInstance().setSceneControllerBaseCode(this);
}
void Start() {
color = Color.green;
emitPos = new Vector3(-2.5f, 0.2f, -5f);
emitDir = new Vector3(24.5f, 40.0f, 67f);
speed = 4;
SceneController.getInstance().getGameModel().setting(1, color, emitPos, emitDir.normalized, speed, 1);
}
}
完善UserInterface
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;
using Com.Mygame;
public class UserInterface : MonoBehaviour {
public Text mainText;
public Text scoreText;
public Text roundText;
private int round;
public GameObject bullet;
public ParticleSystem explosion;
public float fireRate = .25f;
public float speed = 500f;
private float nextFireTime;
private IUserInterface userInt;
private IQueryStatus queryInt;
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
bullet = GameObject.Instantiate (bullet) as GameObject;
explosion = GameObject.Instantiate (explosion) as ParticleSystem;
userInt = SceneController.getInstance () as IUserInterface;
queryInt = SceneController.getInstance () as IQueryStatus;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
if (queryInt.isCounting ()) {
mainText.text = ((int)queryInt.getEmitTime ()).ToString ();
} else {
if (Input.GetKeyDown (KeyCode.Space)) {
userInt.emitDisk ();
}
if (queryInt.isShooting ()) {
mainText.text = " ";
} else {
mainText.text = "Press space";
}
if (queryInt.isShooting() && Input.GetMouseButtonDown (0) && Time.time > nextFireTime) {
nextFireTime = Time.time + fireRate;
Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay (Input.mousePosition);
bullet.GetComponent<Rigidbody> ().velocity = Vector3.zero;
bullet.transform.position = transform.position;
bullet.GetComponent<Rigidbody> ().AddForce (ray.direction * speed, ForceMode.Impulse);
RaycastHit hit;
if (Physics.Raycast (ray, out hit) && hit.collider.gameObject.tag == "Disk") {
explosion.transform.position = hit.collider.gameObject.transform.position;
explosion.GetComponent<Renderer> ().material.color = hit.collider.gameObject.GetComponent<Renderer> ().material.color;
explosion.Play ();
hit.collider.gameObject.SetActive (false);
}
}
}
roundText.text = " Round: " + queryInt.getRound ().ToString ();
scoreText.text = " Score: " + queryInt.getPoint ().ToString ();
if (round != queryInt.getRound ()) {
round = queryInt.getRound ();
mainText.text = "Round: " + round.ToString() + "!";
}
}
}
补充游戏规则–Judge计分系统
游戏规则单独作为一个类，有利于日后修改。这里需要处理的规则无非就两个，得分和失分。另外，得分需要判断是否能晋级下一关。能就调用接口函数nextRound()。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using Com.Mygame;
public class Judge : MonoBehaviour {
public int oneDiskScore = 10;
public int oneDiskFail = 10;
public int disksToWin = 4;
private SceneController scene;
void Awake() {
scene = SceneController.getInstance();
scene.setJudge(this);
}
void Start() {
scene.nextRound(); // 默认开始第一关
}
// 击中飞碟得分
public void scoreADisk() {
scene.setPoint(scene.getPoint() + oneDiskScore);
if (scene.getPoint() == disksToWin*oneDiskScore) {
scene.nextRound();
}
}
// 掉落飞碟失分
public void failADisk() {
scene.setPoint(scene.getPoint() - oneDiskFail);
}
}
在场景控制器中添加相应裁判的代码
// Com.Mygame内添加
public interface IjudgeEvent {
void nextRound();
void setPoint(int point);
}
// 类内部添加并且类继承IjudgeEvent
private Judge _judge;
public void setJudge(Judge obj) { _judge = obj; }
internal Judge getJudge() { return _judge; }
在GameModel中调用裁判计分功能
void Update () {
for (int i = 0; i < disks.Count; i++) {
if (!disks [i].activeInHierarchy) {
scene.getJudge ().scoreADisk ();
freeDisk (i);
} else if (disks [i].transform.position.y < 0) {
scene.getJudge ().failADisk ();
freeDisk (i);
}
}
if (disks.Count == 0) {
shooting = false;
}
}
设置关卡
在SceneControllerBaseCode中添加关卡信息，通过添加loadRoundData来完成每个关卡对游戏对象属性的设置。
public void loadRoundData(int round) {
switch(round) {
case 1: // 第一关
color = Color.green;
emitPos = new Vector3(-2.5f, 0.2f, -5f);
emitDir = new Vector3(24.5f, 40.0f, 67f);
speed = 4;
SceneController.getInstance().getGameModel().setting(1, color, emitPos, emitDir.normalized, speed, 1);
break;
case 2: // 第二关
color = Color.red;
emitPos = new Vector3(2.5f, 0.2f, -5f);
emitDir = new Vector3(-24.5f, 35.0f, 67f);
speed = 4;
SceneController.getInstance().getGameModel().setting(1, color, emitPos, emitDir.normalized, speed, 2);
break;
case 3: // 第二关
color = Color.yellow;
emitPos = new Vector3(2.5f, 0.2f, -5f);
emitDir = new Vector3(-24.5f, 35.0f, 67f);
speed = 4;
SceneController.getInstance().getGameModel().setting(1, color, emitPos, emitDir.normalized, speed, 3);
break;
}
}
游戏效果：
参考链接：
http://blog.csdn.net/simba_scorpio/article/details/51051241
Unity游戏设计之飞碟游戏
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