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SpringMVC(六)数据验证
在系列SpringMVC(四)数据绑定-1、SpringMVC(五)数据绑定-2中我们展示了如何绑定数据,绑定完数据之后如何确保我们得到的数据的正确性?这就是我们本篇要说的内容 —> 数据验证。
这里我们采用Hibernate-validator来进行验证,Hibernate-validator实现了JSR-303验证框架支持注解风格的验证。首先我们要到http://hibernate.org/validator/下载需要的jar包,这里以4.3.1.Final作为演示,解压后把hibernate-validator-4.3.1.Final.jar、jboss-logging-3.1.0.jar、validation-api-1.0.0.GA.jar这三个包添加到项目中。
配置之前项目中的springservlet-config.xml文件,如下:
<!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven validator="validator" conversion-service="conversion-service" />
<bean id="validator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean">
<property name="providerClass" value="org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator"/>
<!--不设置则默认为classpath下的 ValidationMessages.properties -->
<property name="validationMessageSource" ref="validatemessageSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="conversion-service" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean" />
<bean id="validatemessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">
<property name="basename" value="classpath:validatemessages"/>
<property name="fileEncodings" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="cacheSeconds" value="120"/>
</bean>
其中<property name="basename" value="classpath:validatemessages"/>中的classpath:validatemessages为注解验证消息所在的文件,需要我们在resources文件夹下添加。
在com.demo.web.controllers包中添加一个ValidateController.java内容如下:
package com.demo.web.controllers;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.demo.web.models.ValidateModel;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/validate")
public class ValidateController {
@RequestMapping(value="/test", method = {RequestMethod.GET})
public String test(Model model){
if(!model.containsAttribute("contentModel")){
model.addAttribute("contentModel", new ValidateModel());
}
return "validatetest";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/test", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
public String test(Model model, @Valid @ModelAttribute("contentModel") ValidateModel validateModel, BindingResult result) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException{
//如果有验证错误 返回到form页面
if(result.hasErrors())
return test(model);
return "validatesuccess";
}
}
其中@Valid @ModelAttribute("contentModel") ValidateModel validateModel的@Valid 意思是在把数据绑定到@ModelAttribute("contentModel") 后就进行验证。
在com.demo.web.models包中添加一个ValidateModel.java内容如下:
package com.demo.web.models;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;
public class ValidateModel{
@NotEmpty(message="{name.not.empty}")
private String name;
@Range(min=0, max=150,message="{age.not.inrange}")
private String age;
@NotEmpty(message="{email.not.empty}")
@Email(message="{email.not.correct}")
private String email;
public void setName(String name){
this.name=name;
}
public void setAge(String age){
this.age=age;
}
public void setEmail(String email){
this.email=email;
}
public String getName(){
return this.name;
}
public String getAge(){
return this.age;
}
public String getEmail(){
return this.email;
}
}
在注解验证消息所在的文件即validatemessages.properties文件中添加以下内容:
name.not.empty=\u540D\u79F0\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3A\u7A7A\u3002
age.not.inrange=\u5E74\u9F84\u8D85\u51FA\u8303\u56F4\u3002
email.not.correct=\u90AE\u7BB1\u5730\u5740\u4E0D\u6B63\u786E\u3002
email.not.empty=\u7535\u5B50\u90AE\u4EF6\u4E0D\u80FD\u60DF\u6050\u3002
其中name.not.empty等分别对应了ValidateModel.java文件中message=”xxx”中的xxx名称,后面的内容是在输入中文是自动转换的ASCII编码,当然你也可以直接把xxx写成提示内容,而不用另建一个validatemessages.properties文件再添加,但这是不正确的做法,因为这样硬编码的话就没有办法进行国际化了。
在views文件夹中添加validatetest.jsp和validatesuccess.jsp两个视图,内容分别如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form:form modelAttribute="contentModel" method="post">
<form:errors path="*"></form:errors><br/><br/>
name:<form:input path="name" /><br/>
<form:errors path="name"></form:errors><br/>
age:<form:input path="age" /><br/>
<form:errors path="age"></form:errors><br/>
email:<form:input path="email" /><br/>
<form:errors path="email"></form:errors><br/>
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form:form>
</body>
</html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
验证成功!
</body>
</html>
其中特别要指出的是validatetest.jsp视图中<form:form modelAttribute="contentModel" method="post">的modelAttribute="xxx"后面的名称xxx必须与对应的@Valid @ModelAttribute("xxx") 中的xxx名称一致,否则模型数据和错误信息都绑定不到。
<form:errors path="name"></form:errors>即会显示模型对应属性的错误信息,当path="*"时则显示模型全部属性的错误信息。
运行测试:
直接点击提交:
可以看到正确显示了设置的错误信息。
填写错误数据提交:
可以看到依然正确显示了设置的错误信息。
填写正确数据提交:
可以看到验证成功。
下面是主要的验证注解及说明:
注解 | 适用的数据类型 | 说明 |
@AssertFalse | Boolean, boolean | 验证注解的元素值是false |
@AssertTrue | Boolean, boolean | 验证注解的元素值是true |
@DecimalMax(value=http://www.mamicode.com/x) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, String, byte,short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number andCharSequence. | 验证注解的元素值小于等于@ DecimalMax指定的value值 |
@DecimalMin(value=http://www.mamicode.com/x) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, String, byte,short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number andCharSequence. | 验证注解的元素值小于等于@ DecimalMin指定的value值 |
@Digits(integer=整数位数, fraction=小数位数) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, String, byte,short, int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of Number andCharSequence. | 验证注解的元素值的整数位数和小数位数上限 |
@Future | java.util.Date, java.util.Calendar; Additionally supported by HV, if theJoda Time date/time API is on the class path: any implementations ofReadablePartial andReadableInstant. | 验证注解的元素值(日期类型)比当前时间晚 |
@Max(value=http://www.mamicode.com/x) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, byte, short,int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type ofCharSequence (the numeric value represented by the character sequence is evaluated), any sub-type of Number. | 验证注解的元素值小于等于@Max指定的value值 |
@Min(value=http://www.mamicode.com/x) | BigDecimal, BigInteger, byte, short,int, long and the respective wrappers of the primitive types. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence (the numeric value represented by the char sequence is evaluated), any sub-type of Number. | 验证注解的元素值大于等于@Min指定的value值 |
@NotNull | Any type | 验证注解的元素值不是null |
@Null | Any type | 验证注解的元素值是null |
@Past | java.util.Date, java.util.Calendar; Additionally supported by HV, if theJoda Time date/time API is on the class path: any implementations ofReadablePartial andReadableInstant. | 验证注解的元素值(日期类型)比当前时间早 |
@Pattern(regex=正则表达式, flag=) | String. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence. | 验证注解的元素值与指定的正则表达式匹配 |
@Size(min=最小值, max=最大值) | String, Collection, Map and arrays. Additionally supported by HV: any sub-type of CharSequence. | 验证注解的元素值的在min和max(包含)指定区间之内,如字符长度、集合大小 |
@Valid | Any non-primitive type(引用类型) | 验证关联的对象,如账户对象里有一个订单对象,指定验证订单对象 |
@NotEmpty |
| 验证注解的元素值不为null且不为空(字符串长度不为0、集合大小不为0) |
@Range(min=最小值, max=最大值) |
| 验证注解的元素值在最小值和最大值之间 |
@NotBlank |
| 验证注解的元素值不为空(不为null、去除首位空格后长度为0),不同于@NotEmpty,@NotBlank只应用于字符串且在比较时会去除字符串的空格 |
@Length(min=下限, max=上限) |
| 验证注解的元素值长度在min和max区间内 |
| 验证注解的元素值是Email,也可以通过正则表达式和flag指定自定义的email格式 |
更多信息请参考官方文档:http://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/validator/4.3/reference/en-US/html/validator-usingvalidator.html
SpringMVC(六)数据验证