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IOS网络访问之使用AFNetworking
AFNetworking是IOS上常用的第三方网络访问库，我们可以在github上下载它，同时github上有它详细的使用说明，最新的AFNetworing2.0与1.0有很大的变化，这里仅对2.0常用的使用方法进行总结
基于NSURLConnection的API
提交GET请求
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];[manager GET:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:nil success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) { NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);}];
AFResponseSerializer
上面代码中responseObject代表了返回的值，当网络返回json或者xml之类的数据时，它们的本质都是字符串，我们需要通过一定操作才能把字符串转成希望的对象，AFNetWorking通过设置AFHTTPRequestOperationManager对象的responseSerializer属性替我们做了这些事。
如果返回的数据时json格式，那么我们设定
manager.responseSerializer = [[AFJSONResponseSerializer alloc] init]，responseObject就是获得的json的根对象（NSDictionary或者NSArray）
如果返回的是plist格式我们就用AFPropertyListResponseSerializer解析器
如果返回的是xml格式我们就用AFXMLParserResponseSerializer解析器，responseObject代表了NSXMLParser对像
如果返回的是图片，可以使用AFImageResponseSerializer
如果只是希望获得返回二进制格式，那么可以使用AFHTTPResponseSerializer
AFRequestSerializer
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager还可以通过设置requestSeializer属性设置请求的格式
有如下的请求地址与参数
NSString *URLString = @"http://example.com";
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar", @"baz": @[@1, @2, @3]};
我们使用AFHTTPRequestSerializer的GET提交方式
[[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@"GET" URLString:URLString parameters:parameters error:nil];
GET http://example.com?foo=bar&baz[]=1&baz[]=2&baz[]=3
我们使用AFHTTPRequestSerializer的POST提交方式
[[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:URLString parameters:parameters];
POST http://example.com/
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
foo=bar&baz[]=1&baz[]=2&baz[]=3
我们使用AFJSONRequestSerializer
[[AFJSONRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:URLString parameters:parameters];
POST http://example.com/
Content-Type: application/json
{"foo": "bar", "baz": [1,2,3]}
默认提交请求的数据是二进制（AFHTTPRequestSerializer）的,返回格式是JSON（AFJSONResponseSerializer）
提交POST请求
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar"};[manager POST:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:parameters success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) { NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);}];
提交POST请求时附带文件
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar"};NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];[manager POST:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:parameters constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) { [formData appendPartWithFileURL:filePath name:@"image" error:nil];} success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) { NSLog(@"Success: %@", responseObject);} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);}];
也可以通过appendPartWithFileData上传NSData数据的文件
AFHTTPRequestOperation
除了使用AFHTTPRequestOperationManager访问网络外还可以通过AFHTTPRequestOperation，AFHTTPRequestOperation继承自AFURLConnectionOperation，
AFURLConnectionOperation继承自NSOperation，所以可以通过AFHTTPRequestOperation定义了一个网络请求任务，然后添加到队列中执行。
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/resources/123.json"];NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];AFHTTPRequestOperation *op = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request];op.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];[op setCompletionBlockWithSuccess:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) { NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);}];[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperation:op];批量任务处理
NSMutableArray *mutableOperations = [NSMutableArray array];for (NSURL *fileURL in filesToUpload) { NSURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) { [formData appendPartWithFileURL:fileURL name:@"images[]" error:nil]; }]; AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request]; [mutableOperations addObject:operation];}NSArray *operations = [AFURLConnectionOperation batchOfRequestOperations:@[...] progressBlock:^(NSUInteger numberOfFinishedOperations, NSUInteger totalNumberOfOperations) { NSLog(@"%lu of %lu complete", numberOfFinishedOperations, totalNumberOfOperations);} completionBlock:^(NSArray *operations) { NSLog(@"All operations in batch complete");}];[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperations:operations waitUntilFinished:NO];
上面的API是基于NSURLConnection，IOS7之后AFNetWorking还提供了基于NSURLSession的API
基于NSURLSession的API
下载任务
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/download.zip"];NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:nil destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) { NSURL *documentsDirectoryURL = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil]; return [documentsDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]];} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) { NSLog(@"File downloaded to: %@", filePath);}];[downloadTask resume];
文件上传任务
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/upload"];NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:filePath progress:nil completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error); } else { NSLog(@"Success: %@ %@", response, responseObject); }}];[uploadTask resume];
带进度的文件上传
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) { [formData appendPartWithFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.jpg"] name:@"file" fileName:@"filename.jpg" mimeType:@"image/jpeg" error:nil]; } error:nil];AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];NSProgress *progress = nil;NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:request progress:&progress completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error); } else { NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject); }}];[uploadTask resume];
NSURLSessionDataTask
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/upload"];NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [manager dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error); } else { NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject); }}];[dataTask resume];
查看网络状态
苹果官方提供Reachablity用来查看网络状态，AFNetWorking也提供这方面的API
NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/"];AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [[AFHTTPRequestOperationManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL];NSOperationQueue *operationQueue = manager.operationQueue;[manager.reachabilityManager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) { switch (status) { case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN: case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi: [operationQueue setSuspended:NO]; break; case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable: default: [operationQueue setSuspended:YES]; break; }}];
//开始监控
[manager.reachabilityManager startMonitoring];
IOS网络访问之使用AFNetworking