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语言标准编码( List of ISO 639-1 codes)

2024-08-01 06:00:58   223人阅读

ISO 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to classify all known languages. Each language is assigned a 2-letter (639-1) and 3-letter (639-2 and 639-3), lowercase abbreviation, amended in later versions of the nomenclature. The system is highly useful for linguists and ethnographers to categorize the languages spoken on a regional basis, and to compute analysis in the field of lexicostatistics. ISO 639 has five code lists.

Contents

 [hide] 
  • 1 Partial ISO 639 table
  • 2 See also
  • 3 References
  • 4 External links

 

Partial ISO 639 table[edit]

This table lists all of:

  • ISO 639-1: two-letter codes, one per language or ISO 639 macrolanguage

And some of:

  • ISO 639-2/T: three-letter codes, for the same languages as 639-1
  • ISO 639-2/B: three-letter codes, mostly the same as 639-2/T, but with some codes derived from English names rather than native names of languages (in the following table, these differing codes are highlighted in boldface)
  • ISO 639-3: three-letter codes, the same as 639-2/T for languages, but with distinct codes for each variety of an ISO 639 macrolanguage

Note: Colors on the leftmost column represent the language family mentioned in second column.

 Language familyLanguage nameNative name639-1639-2/T639-2/B639-3639-6Notes
 Northwest CaucasianAbkhazа?суа бызш?а, а?сш?аababkabkabkabks 
 Afro-AsiaticAfarAfarafaaaaraaraaraars 
 Indo-EuropeanAfrikaansAfrikaansafafrafrafrafrs 
 Niger–CongoAkanAkanakakaakaaka + 2 macrolanguage, Twi is [tw/twi], Fanti is [fat]
 Indo-EuropeanAlbanianShqipsqsqialbsqi + 4 macrolanguage, "Albanian Phylozone" in 639-6
 Afro-AsiaticAmharic????amamhamhamh  
 Afro-AsiaticArabic
???????
araraaraara + 30 macrolanguage, Standard Arabic is [arb]
 Indo-EuropeanAragonesearagonésanargargarg  
 Indo-EuropeanArmenian???????hyhyearmhye  
 Indo-EuropeanAssamese???????asasmasmasm  
 Northeast CaucasianAvaricавар мац?, маг?арул мац?avavaavaava  
 Indo-EuropeanAvestanavestaaeaveaveave ancient
 AymaranAymaraaymar aruayaymaymaym + 2 macrolanguage
 TurkicAzerbaijaniaz?rbaycan diliazazeazeaze + 2 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoBambarabamanankanbmbambambam  
 TurkicBashkirбаш?орт телеbabakbakbak  
 Language isolateBasqueeuskara, euskeraeueusbaqeus  
 Indo-EuropeanBelarusianбеларуская моваbebelbelbel  
 Indo-EuropeanBengali, Bangla?????bnbenbenben  
 Indo-EuropeanBihari???????bhbihbih  Collective language code for Bhojpuri, Magahi, and Maithili
 CreoleBislamaBislamabibisbisbis  
 Indo-EuropeanBosnianbosanski jezikbsbosbosbosboss 
 Indo-EuropeanBretonbrezhonegbrbrebrebre  
 Indo-EuropeanBulgarianбългарски езикbgbulbulbulbuls 
 Sino-TibetanBurmese?????mymyaburmya  
 Indo-EuropeanCatalan, Valenciancatalà, valenciàcacatcatcat  
 AustronesianChamorroChamoruchchachacha  
 Northeast CaucasianChechenнохчийн моттcechecheche  
 Niger–CongoChichewa, Chewa, NyanjachiChe?a, chinyanjanynyanyanya  
 Sino-TibetanChinese中文 (Zhōngwén), 汉语, 漢語zhzhochizho + 13 macrolanguage
 TurkicChuvashч?ваш ч?лхиcvchvchvchv  
 Indo-EuropeanCornishKernewekkwcorcorcor  
 Indo-EuropeanCorsicancorsu, lingua corsacocoscoscos  
 AlgonquianCree???????crcrecrecre + 6 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanCroatianhrvatski jezikhrhrvhrvhrv  
 Indo-EuropeanCzech?eština, ?eský jazykcscesczeces  
 Indo-EuropeanDanishdanskdadandandan  
 Indo-EuropeanDivehi, Dhivehi, Maldivian
??????
dvdivdivdiv  
 Indo-EuropeanDutchNederlands, Vlaamsnlnlddutnld  
 Sino-TibetanDzongkha??????dzdzodzodzo  
 Indo-EuropeanEnglishEnglishenengengengengs 
 ConstructedEsperantoEsperantoeoepoepoepo constructed, initiated from L.L. Zamenhof, 1887
 UralicEstonianeesti, eesti keeletestestest + 2 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoEweE?egbeeeeweeweewe  
 Indo-EuropeanFaroeseføroysktfofaofaofao  
 AustronesianFijianvosa Vakavitifjfijfijfij  
 UralicFinnishsuomi, suomen kielififinfinfin  
 Indo-EuropeanFrenchfrançais, langue françaisefrfrafrefrafras 
 Niger–CongoFula, Fulah, Pulaar, PularFulfulde, Pulaar, Pularfffulfulful + 9 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanGaliciangalegoglglgglgglg  
 South CaucasianGeorgian???????kakatgeokat  
 Indo-EuropeanGermanDeutschdedeugerdeudeus 
 Indo-EuropeanGreek (modern)ελληνικ?elellgreellells 
 TupianGuaraníAvañe‘?gngrngrngrn + 5 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanGujarati???????gugujgujguj  
 CreoleHaitian, Haitian CreoleKreyòl ayisyenhthathathat  
 Afro-AsiaticHausa
(Hausa) ??????
hahauhauhau  
 Afro-AsiaticHebrew (modern)
?????
hehebhebheb  
 Niger–CongoHereroOtjihererohzherherher  
 Indo-EuropeanHindi??????, ?????hihinhinhinhins 
 AustronesianHiri MotuHiri Motuhohmohmohmo  
 UralicHungarianmagyarhuhunhunhun  
 ConstructedInterlinguaInterlinguaiainainaina constructed by International Auxiliary Language Association
 AustronesianIndonesianBahasa Indonesiaidindindind Covered by macrolanguage [ms/msa]
 ConstructedInterlingueOriginally called Occidental; then Interlingue after WWIIieileileile constructed by Edgar de Wahl, first published in 1922
 Indo-EuropeanIrishGaeilgegagleglegle  
 Niger–CongoIgboAs?s? Igboigiboiboibo  
 Eskimo–AleutInupiaqIñupiaq, Iñupiatunikipkipkipk + 2 macrolanguage
 ConstructedIdoIdoioidoidoidoidosconstructed by De Beaufront, 1907, as variation of Esperanto
 Indo-EuropeanIcelandicÍslenskaisisliceisl  
 Indo-EuropeanItalianitalianoititaitaitaitas 
 Eskimo–AleutInuktitut??????iuikuikuiku + 2 macrolanguage
 JaponicJapanese日本語 (にほんご)jajpnjpnjpn  
 AustronesianJavanesebasa Jawajvjavjavjav  
 Eskimo–AleutKalaallisut, Greenlandickalaallisut, kalaallit oqaasiiklkalkalkal  
 DravidianKannada?????knkankankan  
 Nilo-SaharanKanuriKanurikrkaukaukau + 3 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanKashmiri???????, ??????‎kskaskaskas  
 TurkicKazakh?аза? т?л?kkkazkazkaz  
 AustroasiaticKhmer?????, ????????, ?????????kmkhmkhmkhm a.k.a. Cambodian
 Niger–CongoKikuyu, GikuyuG?k?y?kikikkikkik  
 Niger–CongoKinyarwandaIkinyarwandarwkinkinkin  
 TurkicKyrgyzКыргызча, Кыргыз тилиkykirkirkir  
 UralicKomiкоми кывkvkomkomkom + 2 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoKongoKikongokgkonkonkon + 3 macrolanguage
 KoreanicKorean???, ???kokorkorkor  
 Indo-EuropeanKurdishKurdî, ?????‎kukurkurkur + 3 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoKwanyama, KuanyamaKuanyamakjkuakuakua  
 Indo-EuropeanLatinlatine, lingua latinalalatlatlatlatsancient
 Indo-EuropeanLuxembourgish, LetzeburgeschLëtzebuergeschlbltzltzltz  
 Niger–CongoGandaLugandalglugluglug  
 Indo-EuropeanLimburgish, Limburgan, LimburgerLimburgslilimlimlim  
 Niger–CongoLingalaLingálalnlinlinlin  
 Tai–KadaiLao???????lolaolaolao  
 Indo-EuropeanLithuanianlietuvi? kalbaltlitlitlit  
 Niger–CongoLuba-KatangaTshilubalulublublub  
 Indo-EuropeanLatvianlatviešu valodalvlavlavlav + 2 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanManxGaelg, Gailckgvglvglvglv  
 Indo-EuropeanMacedonianмакедонски ?азикmkmkdmacmkd  
 AustronesianMalagasyfiteny malagasymgmlgmlgmlg + 10 macrolanguage
 AustronesianMalaybahasa Melayu, ???? ?????‎msmsamaymsa + 13 macrolanguage, Standard Malay is [zsm], Indonesian is [id/ind]
 DravidianMalayalam??????mlmalmalmal  
 Afro-AsiaticMalteseMaltimtmltmltmlt  
 AustronesianMāorite reo Māorimimrimaomri  
 Indo-EuropeanMarathi (Marā?hī)?????mrmarmarmar  
 AustronesianMarshalleseKajin M?aje?mhmahmahmah  
 MongolicMongolianмонголmnmonmonmon + 2 macrolanguage
 AustronesianNauruEkakair? Naoeronanaunaunau  
 Dené–YeniseianNavajo, NavahoDiné bizaad, Dinék?eh?ínvnavnavnav  
 Niger–CongoNorthern NdebeleisiNdebelendndendende  
 Indo-EuropeanNepali??????nenepnepnep  
 Niger–CongoNdongaOwambongndondondo  
 Indo-EuropeanNorwegian BokmålNorsk bokmålnbnobnobnob Covered by macrolanguage [no/nor]
 Indo-EuropeanNorwegian NynorskNorsk nynorsknnnnonnonno Covered by macrolanguage [no/nor]
 Indo-EuropeanNorwegianNorsknonornornor + 2 macrolanguage, Bokmål is [nb/nob], Nynorsk is [nn/nno]
 Sino-TibetanNuosu??? Nuosuhxopiiiiiiiiiii Standard form of Yi languages
 Niger–CongoSouthern NdebeleisiNdebelenrnblnblnbl  
 Indo-EuropeanOccitanoccitan, lenga d‘òcocociocioci  
 AlgonquianOjibwe, Ojibwa????????ojojiojioji + 7 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanOld Church Slavonic, Church Slavonic, Old Bulgarian?зыкъ слов?ньскъcuchuchuchu ancient, in use by Orthodox Church
 Afro-AsiaticOromoAfaan Oromooomormormorm + 4 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanOriya?????ororioriori  
 Indo-EuropeanOssetian, Osseticирон æвзагosossossoss  
 Indo-EuropeanPanjabi, Punjabi??????, ??????‎papanpanpan  
 Indo-EuropeanPāli????pipliplipli ancient
 Indo-EuropeanPersian (Farsi)
?????
fafasperfas + 2 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanPolishj?zyk polski, polszczyznaplpolpolpolpols 
 Indo-EuropeanPashto, Pushto
????
pspuspuspus + 3 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanPortugueseportuguêsptporporpor  
 QuechuanQuechuaRuna Simi, Kichwaququequeque + 44 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanRomanshrumantsch grischunrmrohrohroh  
 Niger–CongoKirundiIkirundirnrunrunrun  
 Indo-EuropeanRomanianlimba român?roronrumron [mo] for Moldavian has been withdrawn, recommending [ro] also for Moldavian
 Indo-EuropeanRussianрусский языкrurusrusrus  
 Indo-EuropeanSanskrit (Sa?sk?ta)?????????sasansansan ancient, still spoken
 Indo-EuropeanSardiniansarduscsrdsrdsrd + 4 macrolanguage
 Indo-EuropeanSindhi??????, ????? ?????‎sdsndsndsnd  
 UralicNorthern SamiDavvisámegiellasesmesmesme  
 AustronesianSamoangagana fa‘a Samoasmsmosmosmo  
 CreoleSangoyângâ tî sängösgsagsagsag  
 Indo-EuropeanSerbianсрпски ?езикsrsrpsrpsrp The ISO 639-2/T code srp deprecated the ISO 639-2/B code scc[1]
 Indo-EuropeanScottish Gaelic, GaelicGàidhliggdglaglagla  
 Niger–CongoShonachiShonasnsnasnasna  
 Indo-EuropeanSinhala, Sinhalese?????sisinsinsin  
 Indo-EuropeanSlovaksloven?ina, slovenský jazykskslksloslk  
 Indo-EuropeanSloveneslovenski jezik, slovenš?inaslslvslvslv  
 Afro-AsiaticSomaliSoomaaliga, af Soomaalisosomsomsom  
 Niger–CongoSouthern SothoSesothostsotsotsot  
 Indo-EuropeanSpanish, Castilianespañol, castellanoesspaspaspa  
 AustronesianSundaneseBasa Sundasusunsunsun  
 Niger–CongoSwahiliKiswahiliswswaswaswa + 2 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoSwatiSiSwatisssswsswssw  
 Indo-EuropeanSwedishSvenskasvswesweswe  
 DravidianTamil?????tatamtamtam  
 DravidianTelugu??????tetelteltel  
 Indo-EuropeanTajikто?ик?, to?ikī, ??????‎tgtgktgktgk  
 Tai–KadaiThai???ththathatha  
 Afro-AsiaticTigrinya????titirtirtir  
 Sino-TibetanTibetan Standard, Tibetan, Central???????bobodtibbod  
 TurkicTurkmenTürkmen, Т?ркменtktuktuktuk  
 AustronesianTagalogWikang Tagalog, ????? ??????tltgltgltgl Note: Filipino (Pilipino) has the code [fil]
 Niger–CongoTswanaSetswanatntsntsntsn  
 AustronesianTonga (Tonga Islands)faka Tongatotontonton  
 TurkicTurkishTürkçetrturturtur  
 Niger–CongoTsongaXitsongatstsotsotso  
 TurkicTatarтатар теле, tatar teletttattattat  
 Niger–CongoTwiTwitwtwitwitwi Covered by macrolanguage [ak/aka]
 AustronesianTahitianReo Tahititytahtahtah One of the Reo Mā`ohi (languages of French Polynesia)
 TurkicUyghur, UighurUy?urq?, ????????‎uguiguiguig  
 Indo-EuropeanUkrainianукра?нська моваukukrukrukr  
 Indo-EuropeanUrdu
????
ururdurdurd  
 TurkicUzbekO‘zbek, ?збек, ??????‎uzuzbuzbuzb + 2 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoVendaTshiven?avevenvenven  
 AustroasiaticVietnameseTi?ng Vi?tvivievievie  
 ConstructedVolapükVolapükvovolvolvol constructed
 Indo-EuropeanWalloonwalonwawlnwlnwln  
 Indo-EuropeanWelshCymraegcycymwelcym  
 Niger–CongoWolofWollofwowolwolwol  
 Indo-EuropeanWestern FrisianFryskfyfryfryfry  
 Niger–CongoXhosaisiXhosaxhxhoxhoxho  
 Indo-EuropeanYiddish
??????
yiyidyidyid + 2 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoYorubaYorùbáyoyoryoryor  
 Tai–KadaiZhuang, ChuangSa? cue??, Saw cuenghzazhazhazha + 16 macrolanguage
 Niger–CongoZuluisiZuluzuzulzulzul  

 出自: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes

语言标准编码( List of ISO 639-1 codes)


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