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采用Atlas+Keepalived实现MySQL读写分离、读负载均衡
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一、基础介绍
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1、背景描述
目前我们的高可用DB的代理层采用的是360开源的Atlas，从上线以来，已稳定运行2个多月。无论是从性能上，还是稳定性上，相比其他开源组件（amoeba、cobar、MaxScale、MySQL-Proxy等），还是很出色的。
当初我们之所以选择Atlas，主要看中它有以下优点：
(1)、基于mysql-proxy-0.8.2进行修改，代码完全开源；
(2)、比较轻量级，部署配置也比较简单；
(3)、支持DB读写分离；
(4)、支持从DB读负载均衡，并自动剔除故障从DB；
(5)、支持平滑上下线DB；
(6)、具备较好的安全机制（IP过滤、账号认证）；
(7)、版本更新、问题跟进、交流圈子都比较活跃。
在测试期间以及线上问题排查过程中，得到了360 Atlas作者朱超的热心解答，在此表示感谢。有关更多Atlas的介绍，我就不一一例举，可以参考以下链接：
https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/blob/master/README_ZH.md
2、总体架构图
3、系统环境
CentOS 6.3 x86_64
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二、安装部署
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1、需注意的地方
(1)、本次安装不使用系统默认的glib库，之前的yum安装只是为了先解决依赖库的问题；
(2)、LUA库的版本不能太高，为5.1.x即可；
(3)、glib库的版本也不能太高，为glib-2.32.x即可；
(4)、对于编译不成功的情况，注意查看下面的说明。
2、GLIB依赖的基础库安装
# yum -y install *glib*
3、LUA库安装
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-5.9.tar.gz
# tar xvzf ncurses-5.9.tar.gz
# cd ncurses-5.9
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline/readline-6.2.tar.gz
# tar xvzf readline-6.2.tar.gz
# cd readline-6.2
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.5.tar.gz
# tar xvzf lua-5.1.5.tar.gz
# cd lua-5.1.5
# make linux install
注意：
修改当前目录下的“Makefile”中的 INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local为 INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua
主要是为了避免与系统自带的lua库发生冲突的可能
在“src/Makefile”文件中加入“-lncurses”，完整内容如下：
linux:
$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lncurses -lreadline"
4、GLIB库安装
ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/libffi-3.0.13.tar.gz
# tar xvzf libffi-3.0.13.tar.gz
# cd libffi-3.0.13
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
# tar xvzf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
# cd libiconv-1.14
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
http://tukaani.org/xz/xz-5.0.5.tar.gz
# tar xvzf xz-5.0.5.tar.gz
# cd xz-5.0.5
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
# /sbin/ldconfig
http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/glib/2.32/glib-2.32.4.tar.xz
# xz -d glib-2.32.4.tar.xz
# tar -xvf glib-2.32.4.tar
# cd glib-2.32.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/glib-2.32.4 \
--with-libiconv=/usr/local \
LIBFFI_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" \
LIBFFI_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lib -lffi"
# make && make install
注意：编译报错处理
(1)、configure阶段
# vim ./glib/gconvert.c
注释掉第26、28行的内容
注释掉从61行到67行的内容
# vim ./configure
在7880行之上添加如下内容：
found_iconv=yes
(2)、make阶段
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libffi-3.0.13/include/ffi.h /usr/local/include
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libffi-3.0.13/include/ffitarget.h /usr/local/include
glib库需要安装在单独的目录“/usr/local/glib-2.32.4”，也是为了避免与系统自带的glib库发生冲突的可能
5、Atlas安装
(1)、其他基础组件安装
https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
# tar xvzf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
# cd libevent-2.0.21-stable
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
# tar xvzf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
# cd openssl-1.0.1h
# ./config shared --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
(2)、MySQL安装（无需启动）
http://wwwNaNake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.10.2.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf cmake-2.8.10.2.tar.gz
# cd cmake-2.8.10.2
# ./bootstrap --prefix=/usr/local
# gmake --jobs=`grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
# gmake install
http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz
# cd mysql-5.5.24
# rm-f CMakeCache.txt
# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/dbdata/data \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
# make --jobs=`grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
# make install
(3)、DB中间件安装
https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/archive/2.2.1.tar.gz
# tar xvzf Atlas-2.2.1.tar.gz
# cd Atlas-2.2.1
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql-proxy \
--with-lua=/usr/local/lua \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
GLIB_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include/glib-2.0" \
GLIB_LIBS="-L/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib/glib-2.0 -lglib-2.0" \
GMODULE_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include" \
GMODULE_LIBS="-L/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib -lgmodule-2.0" \
GTHREAD_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include" \
GTHREAD_LIBS="-L/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib -lgthread-2.0" \
LUA_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/lua/include" \
LUA_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lua/lib -llua-5.1" \
CFLAGS="-DHAVE_LUA_H -O2" \
LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib64 -lm -ldl -lcrypto"
# make && make install
注意：
编译报错处理
# ln -s /usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib/glib-2.0/include/glibconfig.h /usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include/glib-2.0
# cd /usr/local
# mv mysql-proxy atlas-2.2.1 && ln -s atlas-2.2.1 mysql-proxy
6、DB中间层配置
(1)、主配置
# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf
[mysql-proxy] admin-username = sysadmin admin-password = admin2356!@() proxy-backend-addresses = 10.222.5.224:3306 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.240.95.107:3306,10.240.95.108:3306 pwds = health_check1:/iZxz+0GRoA=,health_check2:/iZxz+0GRoA= daemon = true keepalive = true event-threads = 16 log-level = message log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log sql-log = ON proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:3306 admin-address = 10.209.6.101:3307 charset = utf8
(2)、启动脚本
# vim /etc/init.d/mysql-proxy
#!/bin/sh
#
# mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 78 30
# processname: mysql-proxy
# description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon to mysql
# config: /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf
# pidfile: /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log/mysql-proxy.pid
#
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy"
CONFIGFILE="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf"
PIDFILE="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/log/mysql-proxy.pid"
LOCKFILE="/var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy"
PROG=`basename $DAEMON`
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $"Starting ${PROG}......"
[ -x $DAEMON ] || exit 5
[ -f $CONFIGFILE ] || exit 6
${DAEMON} --defaults-file=${CONFIGFILE} || echo -n "${PROG} already running"
RETVAL=$?
echo
[[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]] && touch $LOCKFILE
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping ${PROG}......"
if [[ `ps aux | grep bin/mysql-proxy | grep -v grep | wc -l` -gt 0 ]]; then
kill -TERM `ps -A -oppid,pid,cmd | grep bin/mysql-proxy | grep -v grep | awk ‘{print $2}‘`
fi
RETVAL=$?
echo
[[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]] && rm -f $LOCKFILE $PIDFILE
return $RETVAL
}
restart() {
stop
sleep 1
start
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
restart
;;
condrestart)
[[ -e $LOCKFILE ]] && restart
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart}"
RETVAL=1
;;
esac
exit $RETVAL# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql-proxy
# chmod 0660 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf
# service mysql-proxy start
# ps aux | grep mysql-prox[y]
7、Atlas高可用【Keepalived】环境安装
http://rpm5.org/files/popt/popt-1.14.tar.gz
# tar xvzf popt-1.14.tar.gz
# cd popt-1.14
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
http://www.carisma.slowglass.com/~tgr/libnl/files/libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz
# tar xvzf libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz
# cd libnl-3.2.24
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make && make install
# ln -s /usr/local/include/libnl3/netlink /usr/local/include
# /sbin/ldconfig
http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.10.tar.gz
# tar xvzf keepalived-1.2.10.tar.gz
# cd keepalived-1.2.10
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
# make && make install
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d
# chkconfig --add keepalived
8、Atlas高可用【Keepalived】配置
# mkdir –p /etc/keepalived /data/scripts
(1)、主节点配置
# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
bal_defs {
notification_email {
lovezym5@126.com
}
notification_email_from lovezym5@126.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id dbproxy1
}
vrrp_script chk_mysql_proxy_health {
script "/data/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql_proxy.sh"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
smtp_alert
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.209.6.115
}
track_script {
chk_mysql_proxy_health
}
notify_master "/data/scripts/notify.sh master"
notify_bakcup "/data/scripts/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/data/scripts/notify.sh fault"
}(2)、备用节点配置
# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
bal_defs {
notification_email {
lovezym5@126.com
}
notification_email_from lovezym5@126.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id dbproxy2
}
vrrp_script chk_mysql_proxy_health {
script "/data/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql_proxy.sh"
interval 1
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
smtp_alert
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.209.6.115
}
track_script {
chk_mysql_proxy_health
}
notify_master "/data/scripts/notify.sh master"
notify_bakcup "/data/scripts/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/data/scripts/notify.sh fault"
}(3)、VIP切换通知脚本
# vim /data/scripts/notify.sh
#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
KEEPALIVE_CONF="/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"
VIP=`grep -A 1 virtual_ipaddress ${KEEPALIVE_CONF} | tail -1 | sed ‘s/\t//g; s/ //g‘`
ETH1_ADDR=`/sbin/ifconfig eth1 | awk ‘/inet addr:/{print $2}‘ | awk -F: ‘{print $2}‘`
MONITOR="/usr/local/oms/agent/alarm/BusMonitorAgent"
TOKEN="ha_monitor"
function notify() {
TITLE="$ETH1_ADDR to be $1: $VIP floating"
CONTENT="vrrp transition, $ETH1_ADDR changed to be $1"
${MONITOR} -c 2 -f ${TOKEN} -t "${TITLE}" -i "${CONTENT}"
}
case "$1" in
master)
notify master
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify backup
exit 0
;;
fault)
notify fault
exit 0
;;
*)
echo ‘Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}‘
exit 1
;;
esac(4)、DB中间层进程检查脚本
# vim /data/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql_proxy.sh
#!/bin/sh PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin if [[ `pgrep mysql-proxy | wc -l` -eq 0 ]]; then /sbin/service mysql-proxy start && sleep 5 [[ -z `pgrep mysql-proxy` ]] && /sbin/service keepalived stop fi
# chmod +x /data/scripts/*.sh
# service keepalived start
# ip addr show eth1
# ps aux | grep keepalive[d]
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三、其他设置
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1、Atlas服务监控
# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/check_service.sh
#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
[[ $# -ne 3 ]] && echo "$0 端口号 协议类型 服务名" && exit 1
SRV_PORT=$1 ## 端口号
SRV_PROT=$2 ## 协议类型
SRV_NAME=$3 ## 服务名
MONITOR="/usr/local/oms/agent/alarm/BusMonitorAgent"
TOKEN="ha_monitor"
TITLE="${SRV_NAME}服务异常监控"
CONTENT="${SRV_NAME}服务发生异常，已自动拉起！"
## 是否已正确扫描
SCAN_FLAG=0
function RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT()
{
local CUR_SRV_NAME
[[ $# -ne 1 ]] && exit 1
CUR_SRV_NAME=$1
TMP_SRV_NAME=`echo ${CUR_SRV_NAME} | tr ‘[A-Z]‘ ‘[a-z]‘`
[[ ! -f /etc/init.d/${TMP_SRV_NAME} ]] && TMP_SRV_NAME="${TMP_SRV_NAME}d"
killall -9 ${TMP_SRV_NAME}
if [[ -z `ps aux | grep ${TMP_SRV_NAME} | grep -v grep` ]]; then
/sbin/service ${TMP_SRV_NAME} start >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
${MONITOR} -c 2 -f ${TOKEN} -t "${TITLE}" -i "${CONTENT}"
rm -f `pwd`/connect_error.log
}
ETH1_ADDR=`/sbin/ifconfig eth1 | awk -F ‘:‘ ‘/inet addr/{print $2}‘ | sed ‘s/[a-zA-Z ]//g‘`
TMP_SRV_PROT=`echo ${SRV_PROT} | tr ‘[A-Z]‘ ‘[a-z]‘`
if [[ "${TMP_SRV_PROT}" == "tcp" ]]; then
PROT_OPT="S"
elif [[ "${TMP_SRV_PROT}" == "udp" ]]; then
PROT_OPT="U"
else
echo "未知的协议类型！" && exit 1
fi
## 最多扫描3次，成功一次即可，以避免网络抖动而导致误判
for ((i=0; i<3; i++)); do
RETVAL=`/usr/bin/nmap -n -s${PROT_OPT} -p ${SRV_PORT} ${ETH1_ADDR} | grep open`
[[ -n "${RETVAL}" ]] && SCAN_FLAG=1;break || sleep 10
done
## 1、针对Atlas服务端口不通的情况，也就是服务彻底挂掉
[[ ${SCAN_FLAG} -ne 1 ]] && RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT ${SRV_NAME}
## 2、检查Atlas服务是否正常工作，也就是服务端口正常，但访问异常的情况【高权限DB用户】
mysqladmin -h${ETH1_ADDR} -uhealth_check1 -p123456 --connect-timeout=15 --shutdown-timeout=15 ping
[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT ${SRV_NAME}
## 3、检查Atlas服务是否正常工作，也就是服务端口正常，高权限DB用户访问也正常，但低权限
## DB用户访问异常的情况【低权限DB用户】
mysqladmin -h${ETH1_ADDR} -uhealth_check2 -p123456 --connect-timeout=15 --shutdown-timeout=15 ping
[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT ${SRV_NAME}2、Atlas访问日志切割
# vim /data/scripts/cut_and_clear_access_log.sh
#!/bin/sh
# 切割Atlas的访问日志，同时清理15天之前的日志
#
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
## mysql-proxy日志路径
LOGPATH="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/log"
[[ `/sbin/ip addr show eth1 | grep inet | wc -l` -eq 2 ]] || exit 1
cd ${LOGPATH}
## 日志切割
HISTORY_LOG_PATH=`date -d ‘-1 hour‘ +"%Y-%m-%d/sql_mysql-proxy_%H.log"`
[[ -d `dirname ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}` ]] || mkdir -p `dirname ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}`
cp -a sql_mysql-proxy.log ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}
echo > sql_mysql-proxy.log
## 日志清理
HISTORY_LOG_PATH=`date -d ‘15 days ago‘ +‘%Y-%m-%d‘`
[[ -d ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH} ]] && rm -rf ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}3、crontab内容添加
# touch /var/lock/check_service.lock
# echo ‘touch /var/lock/check_service.lock‘ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
# crontab -uroot -e
* * * * * (flock --timeout=0 /var/lock/check_service.lock /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/check_service.sh 3306 tcp mysql-proxy >/dev/null 2>&1) 00 * * * * /data/scripts/cut_and_clear_access_log.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
4、平滑设置功能
# mysql -h10.209.6.101 -P3307 -usysadmin -p‘admin2356!@()‘
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采用Atlas+Keepalived实现MySQL读写分离、读负载均衡