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Haproxy和keepalived高可用实验
系统：CentOS 6.5 HA-Proxy version 1.5.2 keepalived-1.2.13
http://haproxy.com/ http://www.haproxy.org/社区，也就是http://haproxy.1wt.eu http://blog.haproxy.com/ http://www.keepalived.org/
http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/configuration-1.5.html#2.1 haproxy文档
eth0 192.168.10.1 manager 外网eth1 192.168.22.26/24
eth0 192.168.10.2 backup 外网eth1 192.168.22.118/24
192.168.10.3 web1 静态
192.168.10.4 web2 动态
安装软件包
manager和backup 安装haproxy、keepalived
yum install haproxy #HA-Proxy version 1.5.2
yum install keepalived #keepalived-1.2.13
web1安装httpd服务，并启动httpd服务
yum install httpd
[root@web1 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
web1 static
route add default gw 192.168.10.1 #添加默认路由
web2安装httpd和php服务，并启动httpd服务
# yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel httpd php php-mysql [root@web2 ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.php <?php echo phpinfo(); ?> route add default gw 192.168.10.1 #添加默认路由
配置haproxy
[root@manager haproxy]# grep -v ^\# /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg |sed ‘/^$/d‘
global #全局设置
log 127.0.0.1 local2 debug #err warning info debug 4种模式
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000 #haproxy的最大连接数
user haproxy #进程所属用户
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #统计数据
defaults #默认设置
mode http #指定frontend和backend工作模式{tcp|http|health},代理后端web站点用http模式，这里是7层
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull #不记录空信息，不记录只用于检测状态的心跳包
option http-server-close #启用后端服务器连接关闭功能
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 # forwardfor将用户请求转发后端服时，在HTTP请求报文中添加"X-Forwarded-For"特殊首部，以便后端服记录真实发起请求的客户端IP地址，而不是代理服务器内网卡地址
option redispatch #当原分配用户请求的后端服故障时，允许把用户请求重新分发给其他后端服务器
option abortonclose #当Haproxy服务器负载很高的时候，自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的连接
retries 3 #后端重新连接次数
timeout http-request 10s #http请求超时
timeout queue 1m #后端服务器队列已满，等待发送请求的超时时间
timeout connect 10s #和后端服务器建立连接
timeout client 1m #客户端处于非活动连接的超时
timeout server 1m #后端服务器非活动连接的超时时间
timeout http-keep-alive 10s #长连接
timeout check 10s #健康状态监测
maxconn 3000
listen stats
mode http
bind :8080 #stats的端口
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats uri /haproxy?stats #stats的管理页面
stats realm no\ entrance #提示信息
stats auth admin:admin #登录用户名和密码
stats admin if TRUE
frontend web #定义前端，这个名字随便起
bind :80
mode http
log global
option httpclose #每次请求完毕后主动关闭http通道
option logasap
option dontlognull
capture request header Host len 20 #haproxy日志设置 只记录host头20字节
capture request header X-Forwarded-For len 15 #请求客户端的ip地址
capture request header Referer len 60 #点击链接所在的页面引用位置
acl url_static path_beg -i /static /image /js #-i为不区分大小写，定义一个acl的规则，规则开始
acl url_static path_end -i .html .jpg .gif .png .css .js #acl规则结束
#如果设置下面两条path_end也是可以的，不过打开的时候后缀名html或php必须添加，例如http://192.168.1.1/index.php
#acl url_static path_end .html .jpg .gif .png .css .js
#acl url_dynamic path_end .php
#use_backend static_servers if url_static
#use_backend dynamic_servers if url_dynamic
use_backend static_servers if url_static #满足url_static规则，则匹配下面规则中的static_servers
default_backend dynamic_servers #默认按照dynamic_servers规则，就是转发到动态服务器
backend static_servers #定义后端，名字肯定和上面定义规则的一样
mode http
# balance roundrobin #虽然定义轮询，不过这里就一个，所以注释
option redispatch
option abortonclose
server web1 192.168.10.3:80 check maxconn 5000 #后端是静态服务器web1
backend dynamic_servers #定义后端，动态服务器规则
mode http
balance source #负载均衡方式，原地址hash
hash-type consistent #hash类型，consistent-hash一致性hash动态
option redispatch
option abortonclose
server web2 192.168.10.4:80 check maxconn 500 #后端动态服务器web2负载均衡方式一般用cookie识别或session识别
这里把haproxy的日志改一个路径，为/var/log/haproxy.log
# yum install rsyslog [root@manager haproxy]# grep -v ^\# /etc/rsyslog.conf|sed ‘/^$/d‘ $ModLoad imuxsock # provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command) $ModLoad imklog # provides kernel logging support (previously done by rklogd) $ModLoad imudp #开启 $UDPServerRun 514 #开启 $ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat $IncludeConfig /etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf *.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local2.none /var/log/messages #messages里面不记录local2的日志 local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log #为local2单独设置一个日志文件 authpriv.* /var/log/secure mail.* -/var/log/maillog cron.* /var/log/cron *.emerg * uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler local7.* /var/log/boot.log [root@manager haproxy]# service rsyslog restart
web1和web2日志添加X-Forwarded-For首部，让后端服务器记录真实请求ip，web1和web2都做以下改动
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
497 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined 改为：
LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined[root@manager haproxy]# scp haproxy.cfg root@backup:/etc/haproxy 把配置复制一份给backup
检查并启动服务查看
# haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
# service haproxy restart
打开manager和backup的页面都会出现phpinfo的页面，是因为不满足url_static，走dynamic_servers规则
查看haproxy和web1，web2的日志来检查
http://192.168.22.26:8080/haproxy?stats 这个页面查看状态
配置keepalived
manager主节点keepalived配置
[root@manager keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
your_email@163.com #收件
}
notification_email_from root@localhost #发件
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #smtp服务器地址
smtp_connect_timeout 3 ##smtp服务器超时时间
router_id LVS_HAPROXY #VRRP组名
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy { #定义chk_haproxy
script "killall -0 haproxy" #执行的脚本
interval 2 #执行的间隔时间
weight 2 #如果由主变为备，那么优先级-2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #VI_1为主
interface eth1 #VIP的网卡，外网网卡，这里eth1
virtual_router_id 77 #virtual_router_id号
priority 100 #优先级
garp_master_delay 1 #主从切换时间
advert_int 1
authentication { #认证机制
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 11111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #设置VIP
192.168.22.249/24 dev eth1
}
track_script { #执行脚本检测
chk_haproxy
}
track_interface { #跟踪接口,设置额外的监控
eth1
}
}keepalived备节点配置
[root@backup keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
your_email@163.com
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 3
router_id LVS_HAPROXY
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth1
virtual_router_id 77
priority 99
garp_master_delay 1
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 11111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.22.249/24 dev eth1
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
track_interface {
eth1
}
}此时VIP192.168.22.249在manager上面，当把主节点haproxy服务停止，那么VIP将漂移到备节点
~~~分割线~~~
下面是keepalived互为主从的配置，manager节点跑一个web应用，backup也跑一个web应用，不浪费服务器资源。当一个节点挂死，会在网卡配置两个VIP资源
manager的keepalived配置
[root@manager ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface eth1
state MASTER
priority 100
virtual_router_id 100
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 11111
}
track_interface {
eth1
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.22.249/24 dev eth1
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
interface eth1
state BACKUP
priority 99
virtual_router_id 101
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 22222
}
track_interface {
eth1
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.22.147/24 dev eth1
}
}backup的keepalived配置
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhost
}
notification_email_from root@localhost
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface eth1
state BACKUP
priority 99
virtual_router_id 100
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 11111
}
track_interface {
eth1
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.22.249/24 dev eth1
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
interface eth1
state MASTER
priority 100
virtual_router_id 101
garp_master_delay 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 22222
}
track_interface {
eth1
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.22.147/24 dev eth1
}
}主备都启动haproxy和keepalived服务，查看haproxy和keepalived的日志
/var/log/haproxy.log
/var/log/messages
在manager上把haproxy服务停止，查看节点ip地址，和keepalived日志，此时VIP192.168.22.249就会转移到backup上面,日志就不贴了
manager网卡：
backup网卡
本文出自 “金戈铁马行飞燕” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://bbotte.blog.51cto.com/6205307/1606877
Haproxy和keepalived高可用实验