重建控制文件详解

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2024-07-02 13:41:46 231人阅读

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创造“重建控制文件脚本”需要在mount或open下进行。

alter database backup controlfile to trace as ‘/tmp/ctl..sql‘;

执行“重建控制文件脚本”需要在nomount的时候。

-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=‘‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=‘‘
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="gs01ehis"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=‘SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=2
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch
-- FAL_CLIENT=‘‘
-- FAL_SERVER=‘‘
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘LOCATION=/paic/stg/oracle/10g/app102056/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/arch‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘MANDATORY NOREOPEN NODELAY‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘ARCH NOAFFIRM EXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘NOREGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "GS01EHIS" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 32
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 800
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 18696
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/redo01.log‘ SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/redo02.log‘ SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/redo03.log‘ SIZE 100M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE

- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘/paic/stg/oracle/10g/app102056/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/arch1_1_807985002.dbf‘;
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘/paic/stg/oracle/10g/app102056/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/arch1_1_807987054.dbf‘;
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE

-- Set Database Guard and/or Supplemental Logging
ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Files in read-only tablespaces are now named.
ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE ‘MISSING00030‘
TO ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/fwy01.dbf‘;

-- Online the files in read-only tablespaces.
ALTER TABLESPACE "FWY01" ONLINE;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/temp01.dbf‘ REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "GS01EHIS" RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 32
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 800
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 18696
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/redo01.log‘ SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/redo02.log‘ SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/redo03.log‘ SIZE 100M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/system01.dbf‘,
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/undotbs01.dbf‘,
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/system01.dbf‘,
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/undotbs01.dbf‘,
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/sysaux01.dbf‘,
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/users01.dbf‘,
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/auddata01.dbf‘,
‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/dbadata01.dbf‘
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘/paic/stg/oracle/10g/app102056/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/arch1_1_807985002.dbf‘;
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘/paic/stg/oracle/10g/app102056/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/arch1_1_807987054.dbf‘;
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Set Database Guard and/or Supplemental Logging
ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- Files in read-only tablespaces are now named.
ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE ‘MISSING00030‘
TO ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/fwy01.dbf‘;

主要分为两部分，resetlogs也有noresetlogs的重建控制文件脚本。如果想单独要某部分，分别执行以下语句即可。

alter database backup controlfile to trace as ‘/tmp/ctl_1.sql‘ noresetlogs;

alter database backup controlfile to trace as ‘/tmp/ctl_1.sql‘ resetlogs;

下面分别来讲解，红框的几种选项。

重建控制文件的时候会去数据文件头读db_name，reuse是会参考数据文件头的db_name，而set会将数据文件头的db_name都改成脚本中指定的database "ZXRRIN"

。

SET还是REUSE

假如我选reuse database "ZXRRIN2",而数据文件头是ZXRRIN2，那么会报如下错误。

ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed

ORA-01161: database name ZXRRIN in file header does not match given name of

ZXRRIN2

ORA-01110: data file 1: ‘/oradata/zxrrin/zxrrin/system01.dbf‘

所以，只有数据文件头的database name与参数文件的db_name一致，才能在重建控制文件时用reuse。当然，用set也没关系。只是将数据文件头的db_name重写成相同的。就如update t set i=3 where i=3一样。如果想改变数据文件头的db_name使他们与起库参数的db_name一致，就当然得用set咯。

database "ZXRRIN"

database "ZXRRIN"指定的db_name，要跟起库参数文件的db_name一致，重建控制文件才能成功。

这是必须的，而跟REUSE还是SET等没关系。所以不能用A1起库，然后重建控制文件成A2的db_name哦。

noresetlogs还是resetlogs

重建conrolfile时，假如用的是noresetlogs的选项。那么controlfile里面的系统scn号，以及controlfile里面记录的数据文件scn号，来自Online logs中的Current log头。所以这个操作的前提是，在线日志完好没有损坏。并且，不会擦除redo log file中的内容与重置redo头的scn号。起库的时候，只能alter database open，而不能alter database open resetlogs。否则会报这个错。

SQL> alter database open noresetlogs;

alter database open noresetlogs

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01139: RESETLOGS option only valid after an incomplete database recovery

所以，在重建控制文件时选择noresetlogs，oracle就会认为你想告诉他，“我很可能是不一致关闭的”，既然是不一致关闭，那怎么能alter database open resetlogs呢，所以会报上面的错。

在执行”重建控制文件脚本“的时候如果不需要在线重做日志的话可以用resetlogs选项。选择resetlogs，会将redo log file中的内容清空，sequence#由1算起。重建过程中，控制文件中datafile Checkpoint来自各数据文件头。而controlfile中记录的系统scn，会被设为0.可以通过select checkpoint_change# from v$database;看出来。

NOARCHIVELOG还是ARCHIVELOG

重建控制文件脚本中，NOARCHIVELOG与ARCHIVELOG字段，选择重建的控制文件是使库不归档或者归档的。

一个数据库是否开启归档，是在控制文件里面辨析的。

几者之间的关系

如果要用set，那么一定要跟resetlogs那一part。因为set会改数据文件头的db_name，那么redo log file中的日志已经没用了，因为应用日志时必须匹配db_name的。

假如用set配noresetlogs会出现报错：

ORA-01223: RESETLOGS must be specified to set a new database name

关于tempfile

重建的控制文件不包含temp文件，所以重建控制文件脚本中有如下语句，

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE ‘/paic/drsh101/stg/ehis/data/oradata/gs01ehis/temp01.dbf‘ REUSE;

我们也可以拷贝出来，等open库后再执行。

重建控制文件的时候，相应的redo与datafile文件必须已经存在，datafile文件必须是一致的。

而tempfile是不必要存在的，起库后，要为temp表空间添加tempfile，否则temp表空间里面空空如也。

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE ‘/oradata/zxrrin/zxrrin/temp01.dbf‘ size 100m reuse autoextend on;

加上reuse是很好的，如果已经存在就覆盖掉，如果不存在就新建上。

这个命令可以备份控制文件成二进制文件。
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO ‘/tmp/fwy.ctl‘;

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重建控制文件详解

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