1 >>> lambda x:x
 2 <function <lambda> at 0x01B50730>#如果不作传递的话就是这样
 3 >>>
 4 >>>
 5 >>> la=lambda x:x+y
 6 >>> la(2)
 7 Traceback (most recent call last):
 8   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 9   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <lambda>
10 NameError: global name ‘y‘ is not defined
11 >>>
12 >>>
13 >>> la=lambda x,y:x+y
14 >>>
15 >>>
16 >>> la(1,2)
17 3

1 >>> la(1,range(5))#列表
2 [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
3 >>>
4 >>>
5 >>> la(1,(1,2))#元组
6 (1, 2)
7 >>> la(1,‘xyz‘)#字符串
8 ‘xyz‘

1 >>> def fil(x):
2 ...     return x % 2 != 0 and x % 3 != 0
3 ...
4 >>>
5 >>>
6 >>> filter(fil,range(1,100))
7 [1, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, 35, 37, 41, 43, 47, 49, 53, 55, 59, 61
8 , 65, 67, 71, 73, 77, 79, 83, 85, 89, 91, 95, 97]
9 >>>

1 >>> filter(None,range(1,100))
2 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
3 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
4 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62,
5 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82,
6 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
7 >>>

 1 >>> def add(x,y):
 2 ...     print ‘x=‘ + str(x), ‘y=‘ + str(y)
 3 ...     return x + y
 4 ...
 5 >>> reduce(add,range(10))
 6 x=0 y=1#第3个参数不传的时候，可以看出，x的值是给定的值，之后就是叠加后的值
 7 x=1 y=2
 8 x=3 y=3
 9 x=6 y=4
10 x=10 y=5
11 x=15 y=6
12 x=21 y=7
13 x=28 y=8
14 x=36 y=9
15 45

 1 >>> reduce(add,range(10),20)
 2 x=20 y=0#从这里就可以看出，reduce是从第三个参数给定值然后迭代的
 3 x=20 y=1
 4 x=21 y=2
 5 x=23 y=3
 6 x=26 y=4
 7 x=30 y=5
 8 x=35 y=6
 9 x=41 y=7
10 x=48 y=8
11 x=56 y=9
12 65
13 >>> reduce(add,‘xyz‘)
14 x=x y=y
15 x=xy y=z
16 ‘xyz‘
17 >>> reduce(add,‘xyz‘,10)
18 x=10 y=x
19 Traceback (most recent call last):
20   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
21   File "<stdin>", line 3, in add
22 TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: ‘int‘ and ‘str‘
23 >>>
24 >>>
25 >>> reduce(add,‘xyz‘,‘10‘)
26 x=10 y=x
27 x=10x y=y
28 x=10xy y=z
29 ‘10xyz‘
30 >>>

 1 >>> map(add,range(10))#从这里可以看出和reduce读取参数的方式还是不同的。其实也差不多，因为reduce第三个参数有初始化
 2 Traceback (most recent call last):
 3   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 4 TypeError: add() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
 5 >>>
 6 >>>
 7 >>> map(add,range(10),range(10))
 8 x=0 y=0
 9 x=1 y=1
10 x=2 y=2
11 x=3 y=3
12 x=4 y=4
13 x=5 y=5
14 x=6 y=6
15 x=7 y=7
16 x=8 y=8
17 x=9 y=9
18 [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]
19 >>>
20 >>> map(ret,‘x‘)
21 x=x
22 [‘x‘]
23 >>>
24 >>>
25 >>> map(ret,(1,2))
26 x=1
27 x=2
28 [1, 2]
29 >>>
30 >>>
31 >>> map(ret,[1,2])
32 x=1
33 x=2
34 [1, 2]
35 >>>