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C++中find()函数和rfind()函数的用法

本文转载自http://blog.csdn.net/youxin2012/article/details/9162415

string中 find()的应用  (rfind() 类似,只是从反向查找)
原型如下:
(1)size_t find (const string& str, size_t pos = 0) const;  //查找对象--string类对象
(2)size_t find (const char* s, size_t pos = 0) const; //查找对象--字符串
(3)size_t find (const char* s, size_t pos, size_t n) const;  //查找对象--字符串的前n个字符
(4)size_t find (char c, size_t pos = 0) const;  //查找对象--字符
结果:找到 -- 返回 第一个字符的索引
     没找到--返回   string::npos
 
示例:
 1 #include <iostream>       // std::cout  
 2 #include <string>         // std::string  
 3   
 4 int main ()  
 5 {  
 6   std::string str ("There are two needles in this haystack with needles.");  
 7   std::string str2 ("needle");  
 8   
 9   // different member versions of find in the same order as above:  
10   std::size_t found = str.find(str2);  
11   if (found!=std::string::npos)  
12     std::cout << "first ‘needle‘ found at: " << found << \n;  
13   
14   found=str.find("needles are small",found+1,6);  
15   if (found!=std::string::npos)  
16     std::cout << "second ‘needle‘ found at: " << found << \n;  
17   
18   found=str.find("haystack");  
19   if (found!=std::string::npos)  
20     std::cout << "‘haystack‘ also found at: " << found << \n;  
21   
22   found=str.find(.);  
23   if (found!=std::string::npos)  
24     std::cout << "Period found at: " << found << \n;  
25   
26   // let‘s replace the first needle:  
27   str.replace(str.find(str2),str2.length(),"preposition");  //replace 用法  
28   std::cout << str << \n;  
29   
30   return 0;  
31 }  
结果:
first ‘needle‘ found at: 14
second ‘needle‘ found at: 44
‘haystack‘ also found at: 30
Period found at: 51
There are two prepositions in this haystack with needles
 
 
其他还有  find_first_of(), find_last_of(), find_first_not_of(), find_last_not_of()
作用是查找   字符串中 任一个字符 满足的查找条件
string snake1("cobra");
int where = snake1.find_first_of("hark");
返回3  因为 "hark"中 各一个字符 在 snake1--cobra 中第一次出现的是  字符‘r‘(3为 cobra 中‘r‘的索引)
同理:
int where = snake1.find_last_of("hark");
返回4  因为 "hark"中 各一个字符 在 snake1--cobra 中最后一次出现的是  字符‘a‘(3为 cobra 中‘r‘的索引)
 
其他同理
 
 

C++中find()函数和rfind()函数的用法