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[游戏模版12] Win32 稳定定时

 

>_<:The last time,we learned how to use timer to make the picture run and change show,but sometimes the time may have a little change,for example when you move the window or do other things the frequency may be effected.And now we will talk about how to get a stable timer.

>_<:Actually it‘s not difficult,only need to calculate the difference between successive two times painting.If find the difference bigger than a seted time value,do a new painting.

 1 while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
 2 {
 3     if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0,否则1)
 4     {                                       //------------|不能用GetMassage()换,因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0,其他返回非0,错误返回-1
 5         TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
 6         DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统,再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序;
 7 
 8     }
 9     else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
10     {
11         tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
12         if(tNow-tPre>=100)MyPaint(hdc);    //tPre前次绘图的时间;计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
13     }                                   //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作,通过这
14 }                                       //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢

>_<:code

 1 // stdafx.h : include file for standard system include files,
 2 //  or project specific include files that are used frequently, but
 3 //      are changed infrequently
 4 //
 5 
 6 #if !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)
 7 #define AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_
 8 
 9 #if _MSC_VER > 1000
10 #pragma once
11 #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
12 
13 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN        // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
14 
15 
16 // Windows Header Files:
17 #include <windows.h>
18 
19 // C RunTime Header Files
20 #include <stdlib.h>
21 #include <malloc.h>
22 #include <memory.h>
23 #include <tchar.h>
24 
25 // Local Header Files
26 
27 // TODO: reference additional headers your program requires here
28 
29 //{{AFX_INSERT_LOCATION}}
30 // Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.
31 
32 #endif // !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)
StdAfx.h
 1 //{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
 2 // Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
 3 // Used by FE.RC
 4 //
 5 #define IDR_MAINFRAME                    128
 6 #define IDD_FE_DIALOG        102
 7 #define IDD_ABOUTBOX                    103
 8 #define IDS_APP_TITLE                    103
 9 #define IDM_ABOUT                        104
10 #define IDM_EXIT                        105
11 #define IDS_HELLO                        106
12 #define IDI_FE                107
13 #define IDI_SMALL                        108
14 #define IDC_FE                109
15 #define IDC_MYICON                        2
16 #define IDC_STATIC                        -1
17 // Next default values for new objects
18 //
19 #ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
20 #ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
21 
22 #define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE        129
23 #define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE         32771
24 #define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE         1000
25 #define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE           110
26 #endif
27 #endif
resourse.h
  1 #include "stdafx.h"
  2 #include "resourse.h"
  3 #include "stdio.h"
  4 #include "time.h"
  5 
  6 #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
  7 
  8 // Global Variables:
  9 HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
 10 TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                                // The title bar text
 11 TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];                                // The title bar text
 12 HBITMAP girl[12];
 13 HDC mdc,hdc;
 14 HWND hWnd;
 15 DWORD tPre,tNow,tCheck;//tPre记录上一次绘图的时间,tNow记录此次绘图的时间,tCheck记录每秒开始的时间
 16 int num,frame,fps;//num用来记录图号,frame累加每次画面更新的次数,fps记录每秒画面更新的次数
 17 
 18 // Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
 19 ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
 20 BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
 21 LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
 22 LRESULT CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
 23 void                MyPaint(HDC hdc);
 24 //========================================================================================
 25 int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
 26                      HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
 27                      LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
 28                      int       nCmdShow)
 29 {
 30      // TODO: Place code here.
 31     MSG msg;
 32 
 33     MyRegisterClass(hInstance);//调用函数向系统注册窗口类别,输入参数hInstance是目前运行程序的对象代码;
 34 
 35     // 调用InitInstance函数,进行初始化操作;
 36     if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
 37     {
 38         return FALSE;
 39     }
 40 
 41     // 消息循环(通过消息循环来获取信息,
 42     //进行必要的键盘信息转换而后将控制权交给操作系统,
 43     //有操作系统决定哪个程序的消息处理函数处理消息
 44     while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
 45     {
 46         if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0,否则1)
 47         {                                       //------------|不能用GetMassage()换,因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0,其他返回非0,错误返回-1
 48             TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
 49             DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统,再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序;
 50 
 51         }
 52         else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
 53         {
 54             tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
 55             if(tNow-tPre>=100)MyPaint(hdc);    //tPre前次绘图的时间;计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
 56         }                                   //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作,通过这
 57     }                                       //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢
 58 
 59     return msg.wParam;
 60 }
 61 //=====================================================================================
 62 
 63 
 64 
 65 //=============================================================================================
 66 //在建立程序窗口实体之前,必须先定义一个窗口类别,其中包含所要建立窗口的信息,
 67 //并向系统注册,这里的MyRegisterClass函数就是进行定义及注册窗口类别的函数。
 68 //==============================================================================================
 69 ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
 70 {
 71     WNDCLASSEX wcex;            //申请一个窗口类别“WNDCLASSEX”和结构”wcex“
 72                                 //--------------------------------------------------------------
 73                                 //定义vcex结构的各项信息,其中设定信息处理函数(lpfnWndProc)
 74                                 //为WNDPROC,类别名称为(lpszClassName)为”fe";
 75                                 //--------------------------------------------------------------
 76     wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
 77 
 78     wcex.style            = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
 79     wcex.lpfnWndProc    = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
 80     wcex.cbClsExtra        = 0;
 81     wcex.cbWndExtra        = 0;
 82     wcex.hInstance        = hInstance;
 83     wcex.hIcon            = NULL;
 84     wcex.hCursor        = NULL;
 85     wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
 86     wcex.hbrBackground    = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
 87     wcex.lpszMenuName    = NULL;
 88     wcex.lpszClassName    = "fe";
 89     wcex.hIconSm        = NULL;
 90 
 91     return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);//调用RegisterClassEx函数注册类别,返回一个“ATOM"形态的字符串
 92                                   //此字符串即为类别名称”fe";
 93 }
 94 //============================================================================================
 95 
 96 
 97 //============================================================================================
 98 //按照前面所定义的窗口类别来建立并显示实际的程序窗口
 99 //============================================================================================
100 BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
101 {
102    HWND hWnd;
103    char filename[20]="";
104    int i;
105    hInst = hInstance; // 把instance handle 储存在全局变量中;
106 
107    hWnd = CreateWindow("fe","绘图窗口",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
108       CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
109                       //-----------------------------------------------
110                       //调用CreateWindow函数来建立一个窗口对象
111                       //第一个参数就是窗口建立依据的类别名称
112                       //-----------------------------------------------
113    if (!hWnd)
114    {
115       return FALSE;
116    }
117    //------------------------------------------------
118    //设定窗口的位置及窗口的大小,然后绘制显示在设备上
119    //-------------------------------------------------
120    MoveWindow(hWnd,10,10,616,440,true);//位置及大小
121    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);//改定窗口显示时的状态
122    UpdateWindow(hWnd);//将窗口绘制在显示设备上
123 
124    hdc=GetDC(hWnd);
125    mdc=CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
126 
127    for(i=0;i<12;i++)
128    {
129        sprintf(filename,"map%d.bmp",i);
130        girl[i]=(HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,filename,IMAGE_BITMAP,50,50,LR_LOADFROMFILE);
131    }
132 
133    num=0;
134    SetTimer(hWnd,1,100,NULL);
135    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
136 
137    MyPaint(hdc);
138 
139    return TRUE;
140 }
141 //============================================================================================
142 
143 
144 //============================================================================================
145 //计算与显示每秒画面更新次数
146 //按照图号顺序进行窗口贴图
147 //============================================================================================
148 void MyPaint(HDC hdc)
149 {
150     char str[40]="";
151 
152     frame++;//每次调用这个函数将更新次数加1
153     if(tNow-tCheck>=100)//判断此次绘图时间由前一秒算起是否已经达到1秒钟的时间间隔
154     {
155         fps=frame;//若是,将目前的frame付值给fps(这段时间内更新次数)
156         frame=0;//归零
157         tCheck=tNow;//并重设下一次起始时间
158     }
159     sprintf(str,"%d ",fps);
160     TextOut(mdc,40,0,str,strlen(str));
161     for(int j=0;j<96;j++)
162     {
163         SelectObject(mdc,girl[ rand()%12]);
164         BitBlt(hdc,50*(j%12),j/12*50,650,450,mdc,0,0,SRCCOPY);
165     }
166 
167     tPre=GetTickCount();//记录此次绘图的时间
168 }
169 //============================================================================================
170 
171 
172 //============================================================================================
173 //在前面定义类别的时候把WndProc定义为消息处理函数(当某些外部消息发生时,会按消息的类型
174 //来决定该如何进行处理。此外该函数也是一个回叫函数(CALLBACK)(windows系统函数)每一个
175 //程序都会接收信息,选择性接受、处理;
176 //============================================================================================
177 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
178 {
179     int i;
180 
181     switch (message)                   //判断消息类型,不是WM_QUIT,则循环结束,否则则进行循环
182     {
183         case WM_TIMER:                //时间消息
184             MyPaint(hdc);
185             break;
186         case WM_DESTROY:              //处理窗口结束消息
187             DeleteDC(mdc);
188             ReleaseDC(hWnd,hdc);
189             for(i=0;i<12;i++)
190                 DeleteObject(girl[i]);
191             KillTimer(hWnd,1);
192             PostQuitMessage(0);
193             break;
194         default:
195             return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
196    }
197    return 0;
198 }
199 //============================================================================================
main.cpp