#-*- coding:utf8 -*-# 静态方法@staticmethod# 静态方法（当eat变成静态方法后，再通过实例调用时就不会自动把实例本身当作一个参数传给self了。）class Dog(object):    def __init__(self, name):        self.name = name    #@staticmethod  # 静态方法（当eat变成静态方法后，再通过实例调用时就不会自动把实例本身当作一个参数传给self了。）    def eat(self):        print("%s is eating" % self.name)d = Dog("ChenRonghua")d.eat()#报错信息#TypeError: eat() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘self‘

# 类方法# 类方法通过@classmethod装饰器实现，类方法只能访问类变量，不能访问实例变量# （当eat变成静态方法后，再通过实例调用时就不会自动把实例本身当作一个参数传给self了。）class Dog(object):    def __init__(self, name):        self.name = name    @staticmethod    def eat():        print("%s is eating")#因为name是个实例变量，类方法是不能访问实例变量的d = Dog("ChenRonghua")d.eat()

class Dog(object):    name = "我是类变量"    def __init__(self, name):        self.name = name        self.__food=None    @classmethod    def eat(self):        print("%s is eating" % self.name)    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):#构造方法：对象=类名（） 而__call__ 则是：对象（）        print("running call",args,kwargs)    def __str__(self):        return ‘obj:%s‘%self.named = Dog("ChenRonghua")d(2,3,4,name=‘开发量‘)#__call__ 则是：对象（）print(d.__dict__)#打印的是实例属性{‘name‘: ‘ChenRonghua‘, ‘_Dog__food‘: None}print(Dog.__dict__)#打印的是类的属性print(d)#module对象想知道它是谁__str__d.eat()#把一个类做成字典了

#属性方法#属性方法的作用就是通过@property把一个方法变成一个静态属性class Dog(object):    ‘‘‘  类是描述狗这个对象‘‘‘    def __init__(self, name):        self.name = name    @property    def eat(self):        print(" %s is eating" % self.name)d = Dog("ChenRonghua")print (Dog.__doc__)#d.eat() #因为eat此时已经变成一个静态属性了， 不是方法了， 想调用已经不需要加()号了，直接d.eat就可以了d.eat

#@property 的实例---航班查询#这个status属性的值是一系列动作后才得到的结果class fly(object):    def __init__(self,name):        self._name=name    def check_status(self):        print("%s fly status"%self._name)        return 2    @property    def fly_status(self):        status=self.check_status()        if status==0:            print ("quxiao")        elif status==1:            print("daoda")        elif status == 2:            print("ready")        else:            print("later")d=fly("k7")d.fly_status#-----------另一种class fly(object):    def __init__(self,name):        self._name=name    def check_status(self):        print("%s fly status"%self._name)        return 2    def fly_status(self):        status=self.check_status()        if status==0:            print ("quxiao")        elif status==1:            print("daoda")        elif status == 2:            print("ready")        else:            print("later")d=fly("k7")d.fly_status()

#__doc__表示类的描述信息class Foo:    """ 描述类信息，这是用于看片的神奇 """    def func(self):        passprint(Foo.__doc__)

#__call__对象后面加括号#构造方法，即：对象 = 类名() ；#__call__方法 即：对象() 或者 类()()class Foo:    def __init__(self):        print("__init__")    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):        print(‘__call__‘)obj = Foo()  # 执行 __init__obj()  # 执行 __call__

#如果一个类中定义了__str__方法，那么在打印 对象 时，默认输出该方法的返回值class Foo:    def __str__(self):        return ‘alex li‘obj = Foo()print(obj)

#生命的起源是通过Type来实现的def func(self):    print ("hello %s"%self.name)def __init__(self,name,age):    self.name=name    self.age=agefoo=type("foo",(object,),{"talk":func,                           "__init__":__init__})f =foo("alex",32)f.talk()print(type(foo)) #<class ‘type‘>

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-class Dog():    def __init__(self,name):        self.name=name    def eat(self):        print ("%s is eating..."%self.name)d=Dog("zhangsan")choice=input(">>:").strip()# print (hasattr(d,choice))#>>:eat---True# getattr(d,choice)() #zhangsan is eating...if hasattr(d,choice):    func=getattr(d,choice)    func()

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-def dulk(self):    print("%s is yelling.."%self.name)class Dog():    def __init__(self,name):        self.name=name    def eat(self,food):        print ("%s is eating..."%self.name,food)d=Dog("zhangsan")choice=input(">>:").strip()# print (hasattr(d,choice))#>>:eat---True# getattr(d,choice)() #zhangsan is eating...if hasattr(d,choice):    func=getattr(d,choice)    func("lisi") #>>:eat --zhangsan is eating... lisi    #hasattr (obj,name_str)判断一个对象是否有对应的name_str字符串的    #getattr(obj,name_str)根据字符串去获取对象对应方法里的内存地址else :    # setattr(d,choice,dulk)    # d.talk(d)    setattr(d,choice,32)    print(getattr(d,choice)) #>>:talk --32

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-def dulk(self):    print("%s is yelling.."%self.name)class Dog():    def __init__(self,name):        self.name=name    def eat(self,food):        print ("%s is eating..."%self.name,food)d=Dog("zhangsan")choice=input(">>:").strip()# print (hasattr(d,choice))#>>:eat---True# getattr(d,choice)() #zhangsan is eating...if hasattr(d,choice):    getattr(d,choice)else :   # print(setattr(d,choice,None))    setattr(d,choice,dulk)    func=getattr(d,choice)    func(d)

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-def dulk(self):    print("%s is yelling.."%self.name)class Dog():    def __init__(self,name):        self.name=name    def eat(self,food):        print ("%s is eating..."%self.name,food)d=Dog("zhangsan")choice=input(">>:").strip()# print (hasattr(d,choice))#>>:eat---True# getattr(d,choice)() #zhangsan is eating...if hasattr(d,choice):    func=getattr(d,choice)    setattr(d ,choice,"xiaobai")    # func("lisi") #>>:eat --zhangsan is eating... lisi    #hasattr (obj,name_str)判断一个对象是否有对应的name_str字符串的    #getattr(obj,name_str)根据字符串去获取对象对应方法里的内存地址else :    # setattr(d,choice,dulk)    # d.talk(d)    setattr(d,choice,32)    print(getattr(d,choice))print(d.name) #>>:name----xiaobai#setattr (obj,‘y‘,z) is equitvalent  to  x.y=z  对对象添加新的属性

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-#---字典出错,列表出错data=http://www.mamicode.com/{}names=[‘zhangsan‘,‘lisi‘]# data[‘name‘] #KeyError: ‘name‘try:    names[3] #这个报错，下一个错误就不会执行了    data[‘name‘]except KeyError as e:    print(‘没有这个key‘,e)except IndexError as e:    print("列表操作错误", e)

data=http://www.mamicode.com/{}names=[‘zhangsan‘,‘lisi‘]# data[‘name‘] #KeyError: ‘name‘try:    open("test.txt")    names[3] # 如果它放在try的第一位 就不报未知错误    data[‘name‘]except KeyError as e:    print(‘没有这个key‘,e)except IndexError as e:    print("列表操作错误", e)except Exception as e: #错误排除不出来，最后报未知错误    print ("未知错误",e )

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-s1="hello"try:    int(s1)except  ValueError as e:    print ("类型不正确",e)

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-#---字典出错,列表出错data=http://www.mamicode.com/{}names=[‘zhangsan‘,‘lisi‘]# data[‘name‘] #KeyError: ‘name‘try:    names[3] #这个报错，下一个错误就不会执行了    data[‘name‘]except (KeyError ,IndexError) as e:    print(‘没有这个key‘,e)# except IndexError as e:#     print("列表操作错误", e)

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-#__str__类返回什么格式class flmException(Exception):    def __init__(self,msg):        self.message=msg    # def __str__(self):    #     return self.message #替换为 return "abc"try:    raise flmException("数据库连不上")except flmException as e:    print(e)