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[i.MX6q]i.MX6q处理器,linux操作系统平台搭建 从SD卡启动系统

转自:http://www.07net01.com/linux/2016/02/1232094.html

参照1:http://blog.csdn.net/girlkoo/article/details/44536447

参照2:http://blog.csdn.net/girlkoo/article/details/44626011

2017-02-04 22:52:54 

目录

 

本文的目的是,完成一个从sd卡启动的一个纯净版的linux系统移植,其实就是一个很裸的根文件系统,后期有空会试着把QT移植进入.

下面开始移植了,我使用的开发板是天嵌的E9,但是使用主要是imx6q开发板便宜,现在选择的余地可能大很多.

我移植过程的源码下载地址为:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bnOr7Ef,提供内容见里面的readme

1. uboot 的移植

资料下载:

官方资源下载:uboot的下载地址,在百度上搜索git freescale 即进入freescale的管理库,里面资源很多,uboot版本为imx_v2009.08_3.0.35_4.1.0,点击download即可下载,这个版本对应的linux版本为3.0.35_4.1.0,当然linux内核版本在git freescale也可下载.

(1)首先是习惯性的make distclean

移除所有以前的记录,这样保证我是在一个干净的环境下进行编译.

(2)参考上面文档,我的参考平台是mx6q_sabresd

我就直接在原版基础上进行修改了,需修改的文件都在"./board/freescale/mx6q_sabresd"下"flash_header.S"和"mx6q_sabresd.c".

(3)修改"flash_header.S"文件

使用下面代码替换源文件中代码

技术分享
  1 #else  /* i.MX6Q */
  2 dcd_hdr:          .word 0x40a002D2 /* Tag=0xD2, Len=83*8 + 4 + 4, Ver=0x40 */
  3 write_dcd_cmd:    .word 0x049c02CC /* Tag=0xCC, Len=83*8 + 4, Param=0x04 */
  4 
  5 /* DCD */
  6 
  7 
  8 MXC_DCD_ITEM(1, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x798, 0x000C0000)
  9 MXC_DCD_ITEM(2, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x758, 0x00000000)
 10 
 11 MXC_DCD_ITEM(3, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x588, 0x00000030)
 12 MXC_DCD_ITEM(4, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x594, 0x00000030)
 13 
 14 MXC_DCD_ITEM(5, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x56c, 0x00000030)
 15 MXC_DCD_ITEM(6, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x578, 0x00000030)
 16 MXC_DCD_ITEM(7, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x74c, 0x00000030)
 17 
 18 MXC_DCD_ITEM(8, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x57c, 0x00000030)
 19 
 20 MXC_DCD_ITEM(9, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x58c, 0x00000000)
 21 MXC_DCD_ITEM(10, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x59c, 0x00000030)
 22 MXC_DCD_ITEM(11, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a0, 0x00000030)
 23 MXC_DCD_ITEM(12, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x78c, 0x00000030)
 24 
 25 MXC_DCD_ITEM(13, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x750, 0x00020000)
 26 
 27 MXC_DCD_ITEM(14, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 28 MXC_DCD_ITEM(15, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 29 MXC_DCD_ITEM(16, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x524, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 30 MXC_DCD_ITEM(17, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x51c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 31 MXC_DCD_ITEM(18, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x518, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 32 MXC_DCD_ITEM(19, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x50c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 33 MXC_DCD_ITEM(20, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 34 MXC_DCD_ITEM(21, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 35 
 36 MXC_DCD_ITEM(22, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x774, 0x00020000)
 37 
 38 MXC_DCD_ITEM(23, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x784, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 39 MXC_DCD_ITEM(24, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x788, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 40 MXC_DCD_ITEM(25, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x794, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 41 MXC_DCD_ITEM(26, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x79c, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 42 MXC_DCD_ITEM(27, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a0, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 43 MXC_DCD_ITEM(28, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 44 MXC_DCD_ITEM(29, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x7a8, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 45 MXC_DCD_ITEM(30, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x748, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 46 
 47 MXC_DCD_ITEM(31, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5ac, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 48 MXC_DCD_ITEM(32, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5b4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 49 MXC_DCD_ITEM(33, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x528, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 50 MXC_DCD_ITEM(34, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x520, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 51 MXC_DCD_ITEM(35, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x514, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 52 MXC_DCD_ITEM(36, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x510, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 53 MXC_DCD_ITEM(37, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5bc, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 54 MXC_DCD_ITEM(38, IOMUXC_BASE_ADDR + 0x5c4, 0x00000018) /* 00000030 */
 55 
 56 MXC_DCD_ITEM(39, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x800, 0xA1390003) 
 57 
 58 MXC_DCD_ITEM(40, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)
 59 MXC_DCD_ITEM(41, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)
 60 MXC_DCD_ITEM(42, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x80c, 0x001F001F)
 61 MXC_DCD_ITEM(43, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x810, 0x001F001F)
 62 
 63 MXC_DCD_ITEM(44, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x4333033F)
 64 MXC_DCD_ITEM(45, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x032C031D)
 65 MXC_DCD_ITEM(46, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x83c, 0x43200332)
 66 MXC_DCD_ITEM(47, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x840, 0x031A026A)
 67 MXC_DCD_ITEM(48, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x4D464746)
 68 MXC_DCD_ITEM(49, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x848, 0x47453F4D)
 69 MXC_DCD_ITEM(50, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x3E434440)
 70 MXC_DCD_ITEM(51, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x850, 0x47384839)
 71 
 72 MXC_DCD_ITEM(52, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)
 73 MXC_DCD_ITEM(53, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)
 74 MXC_DCD_ITEM(54, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)
 75 MXC_DCD_ITEM(55, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)
 76 MXC_DCD_ITEM(56, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x81c, 0x33333333)
 77 MXC_DCD_ITEM(57, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x820, 0x33333333)
 78 MXC_DCD_ITEM(58, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x824, 0x33333333)
 79 MXC_DCD_ITEM(59, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x828, 0x33333333)
 80 
 81 MXC_DCD_ITEM(60, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)
 82 MXC_DCD_ITEM(61, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x8b8, 0x00000800)
 83 
 84 MXC_DCD_ITEM(62, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00020036)
 85 MXC_DCD_ITEM(63, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x008, 0x09444040)
 86 MXC_DCD_ITEM(64, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x00c, 0x8A8F7955) /* 555A7975 */
 87 MXC_DCD_ITEM(65, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x010, 0xFF328F64) /* FF328F64 */
 88 MXC_DCD_ITEM(66, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x014, 0x01FF00DB)
 89 MXC_DCD_ITEM(67, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x018, 0x00001740)
 90 
 91 MXC_DCD_ITEM(68, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008000)
 92 MXC_DCD_ITEM(69, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x02c, 0x000026D2)
 93 MXC_DCD_ITEM(70, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x030, 0x008F1023) /* 005A1023 */
 94 MXC_DCD_ITEM(71, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x040, 0x00000047) /* 00000027 */
 95 
 96 MXC_DCD_ITEM(72, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x000, 0x841A0000) /* 831A0000 */
 97 
 98 MXC_DCD_ITEM(73, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04088032)
 99 MXC_DCD_ITEM(74, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00008033)
100 MXC_DCD_ITEM(75, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00048031)
101 MXC_DCD_ITEM(76, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x09408030)
102 MXC_DCD_ITEM(77, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x04008040)
103 
104 MXC_DCD_ITEM(78, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x020, 0x00005800)
105 
106 MXC_DCD_ITEM(79, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)
107 MXC_DCD_ITEM(80, MMDC_P1_BASE_ADDR + 0x818, 0x00011117)
108 
109 MXC_DCD_ITEM(81, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x004, 0x00025576)
110 MXC_DCD_ITEM(82, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x404, 0x00011006)
111 MXC_DCD_ITEM(83, MMDC_P0_BASE_ADDR + 0x01c, 0x00000000)
112 
113 #endif
View Code

 

(4)修改"mx6q_sabresd.c"文件

完成对应硬件的uart的修改和mmc的修改

uart1移植,修改UART1对应的TXD和RXD引脚.

技术分享
 1 static void setup_uart(void)
 2 {
 3 #if defined CONFIG_MX6Q
 4         /* UART1 TXD */
 5         //mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);
 6         /* UART1 RXD */
 7         //mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);
 8 
 9         /* UART1 TXD */
10         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD);
11 
12         //  /* UART1 RXD */  
13         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD);
14 
15 #elif defined CONFIG_MX6DL
16         /* UART1 TXD */
17         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD);
18 
19         /* UART1 RXD */
20         mxc_iomux_v3_setup_pad(MX6DL_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD);
21 #endif
22 }
View Code

 

mmc移植,解决mmc的引脚冲突文件,

技术分享
 1  iomux_v3_cfg_t usdhc3_pads[] = {  
 2             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK,  
 3             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD,  
 4             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0,  
 5             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1,  
 6             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2,  
 7             MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3,  
 8             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4,  
 9             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5,  
10             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6,  
11             // MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7,  
12     };  
View Code 

( 5 )修改uboot启动默认环境变量.

  初始烧写时,存放uboot环境变量的存储空间无环境变量,此时uboot会使用默认的环境变量,imx6q_sabresd默认环境变量位置为  ./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h.

 vi mx6q_sabresd.h

默认环境变量为

技术分享
 1 #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS                                        2                 "netdev=eth0\0"                                          3                 "ethprime=FEC0\0"                                        4                 "uboot=u-boot.bin\0"                     5                 "kernel=uImage\0"                                6                 "nfsroot=/opt/eldk/arm\0"                                7                 "bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200\0" 8                 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs " 9                         "ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"10                 "bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; "          11                         "tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm\0"       12                 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp "     13                         "root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait\0"                14                 "bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; "   15                 "mmc dev 3; "   16                 "mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm\0"    17                 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_net\0"
View Code

 需要修改处:

①根文件系统存储地址

 "root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait\0"  
更改为
 "root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait\0"  

②uboot 运行的参数

 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_net\0"  这为启动网络方式挂载内核和根文件系统 
更改为
 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc\0"  这为从flash中获取内核和根文件系统 

③获取可执行程序位置

 "mmc dev 3; "  
更改为
 "mmc dev 1; "  

④去掉IP地址通过DHCP获取

 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} ip=dhcp " \ 
更改为
 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} " \ 

⑤增加了uboot期间,网络的mac地址

 "ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66\0"\ 

⑥更改了网络挂载根文件系统的位置

 "nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs\0" 

⑦更改了通过网络获取内核和根文件系统时的配置

 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "\ 
 "ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"\ 
不用原版的通过dhcp获取ip,而用uboot环境变量中的静态ip

更改后我的默认环境变量为

技术分享
 1 #define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS                                        2                 "ethaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66\0" 3                 "netdev=eth0\0"                                          4                 "ethprime=FEC0\0"                                        5                 "uboot=u-boot.bin\0"                     6                 "kernel=uImage\0"                                7                 "nfsroot=/home/shirf/my_explore/nfs_file/rootfs\0"                               8                 "bootargs_base=setenv bootargs console=ttymxc0,115200\0" 9                 "bootargs_nfs=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} root=/dev/nfs "10                         "ip=${ipaddr} nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp\0"11                 "bootcmd_net=run bootargs_base bootargs_nfs; "          12                         "tftpboot ${loadaddr} ${kernel}; bootm\0"       13                 "bootargs_mmc=setenv bootargs ${bootargs} "     14                         "root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait\0"                15                 "bootcmd_mmc=run bootargs_base bootargs_mmc; "   16                 "mmc dev 1; "   17                 "mmc read ${loadaddr} 0x800 0x2000; bootm\0"    18                 "bootcmd=run bootcmd_mmc\0"
View Code

 

按照如上修改,就可以从SD卡获取剩余的内核和根文件系统,并进行后面的程序启动.

uboot启动时,默认的ip地址也在./include/configs 下的mx6q_sabresd.h.

1 175 #define CONFIG_IPADDR                   192.168.1.103
2 176 #define CONFIG_SERVERIP                 192.168.1.101
3 177 #define CONFIG_NETMASK                  255.255.255.0

(6)编辑编译脚本

1 vi build.sh
2 
3 export ARCH=arm
4 export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
5 make distclean
6 make mx6q_sabresd_config
7 make
chmod +x build.sh
./build.sh

 

烧写文件:在uboot的根目录下生成,u-boot.bin即使需要的烧写文件

 

2,linux内核移植


资源下载:

官方下载地址:http://git.freescale.com/git/cgit.cgi/imx/linux-2.6-imx.git/commit/?h=imx_3.0.35_4.1.0,下载内核版本为linux_imx_3,0.35_4.1.0版本

( 1 )首先习惯性使用make distclean 对源码进行清零.

( 2 )修改串口配置,

进入arch/arm/mach-mx6/目录,修改

技术分享
vi board-mx6q_sabresd.h

/* UART1 for debug */  
    //MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT10__UART1_TXD,  
    //MX6Q_PAD_CSI0_DAT11__UART1_RXD,  
    MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__UART1_TXD,  
    MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__UART1_RXD,  
View Code

 

(3)修改SD配置部分

技术分享
/* USDHC2 */  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CLK__USDHC2_CLK,  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_CMD__USDHC2_CMD,  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT0__USDHC2_DAT0,  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT1__USDHC2_DAT1,  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT2__USDHC2_DAT2,  
        MX6Q_PAD_SD2_DAT3__USDHC2_DAT3,  
        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D4__USDHC2_DAT4,  
        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D5__USDHC2_DAT5,  
        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D6__USDHC2_DAT6,  
        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D7__USDHC2_DAT7,  
        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D2__GPIO_2_2,          /* SD2_CD */  
        //MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D3__GPIO_2_3,          /* SD2_WP */  
        MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_2__USDHC2_WP,  
        MX6Q_PAD_GPIO_4__USDHC2_CD,
View Code

 

(4)修改SD3于串口冲突地方,修改为 

技术分享
/* USDHC3 */
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CLK__USDHC3_CLK_50MHZ,
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_CMD__USDHC3_CMD_50MHZ,
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT0__USDHC3_DAT0_50MHZ,
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT1__USDHC3_DAT1_50MHZ,
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT2__USDHC3_DAT2_50MHZ,
        MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT3__USDHC3_DAT3_50MHZ,
        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT4__USDHC3_DAT4_50MHZ,
        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT5__USDHC3_DAT5_50MHZ,
        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT6__USDHC3_DAT6_50MHZ,
        //MX6Q_PAD_SD3_DAT7__USDHC3_DAT7_50MHZ,
        MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D0__GPIO_2_0,            /* SD3_CD */
        MX6Q_PAD_NANDF_D1__GPIO_2_1,            /* SD3_WP */
View Code

 

(5)修改board-mx6q_sabresd.c

vi board-mx6q_sabresd.c

技术分享
//#define SABRESD_SD2_CD                IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 2)
//#define SABRESD_SD2_WP                IMX_GPIO_NR(2, 3)
#define SABRESD_SD2_CD          IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 4)
#define SABRESD_SD2_WP          IMX_GPIO_NR(1, 2)
View Code

(6)编译内核需求工具

编译内核需要mkimage工具,此工具在uboot 下tools目录中,有两种方式,

第一种,讲mkimage复制到/usr/bin下

第二种讲./tools加到环境变量中.

此时,在编译内核时,就会找到mkimage工具

(7)写编译脚本

回到内核源码的根目录中

vi build.sh

技术分享
export ARCH=arm  
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-  
make distclean  
make imx6_defconfig  
make uImage  
View Code

 

chmod +x build.sh
./build.sh

 

此时就开始编译内核,但是时间大概要5分钟左右,可以洗洗刷刷.

烧写文件:./arch/arm/boot/ 目录下uImage文件

 

3.根文件系统制作

rootfs所需资料:一个目录结构,busybox,linux内核模块,编译器的库.

其中busybox提供精简而常用的指令.busybox下载地址:百度下就知道了  https://busybox.net/

下面开始建立rootfs了,

( 1 )建立目录结构

vi rootfs.sh

技术分享
#!/bin/sh  
echo "------Create rootfs directons start...--------"    
mkdir rootfs  
cd rootfs  
echo "--------Create root,dev....----------"    
mkdir bin sbin root dev etc boot tmp var sys proc lib mnt home usr  
mkdir usr/sbin usr/bin usr/lib usr/modules  
echo "make node in dev/console dev/null"    
sudo mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1  
sudo mknod -m 600 dev/null  c 1 3  
mkdir mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp  
mkdir var/lib var/lock var/run var/tmp  
chmod 1777 tmp  
chmod 1777 var/tmp  
echo "-------make direction done---------" 
View Code
chmod +x rootfs.sh
./rootfs.sh

 

(2)安装busybox

我使用busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2版本

技术分享
tar -xvjf busybox-1_24_stable.tar.bz2

cd busybox-1_24_stable/

make distclean

make defconfig

make menuconfig
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配置菜单跟配置内核时的差不多,依次进入 Busybox Settings => Build Options => Cross Compiler prefix (NEW) ,设置为编译器的前缀,我的是 arm-none-linux-gnueabi- 

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
make CONFIG_PREFIX=../rootfs install

 

至此,busybox安装完毕

(3)配置etc启动项

busybox自带的etc默认在 busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/ 文件夹下,就以此为模板来修改

cp -rf busybox-1_24_stable/examples/bootfloppy/etc/* rootfs/etc/

 

①inittab文件更改为

技术分享
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
#power on not login
::respawn:-/bin/sh
#power on need login
#::respawn:-/bin/login
::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r
View Code

 

②profie文件更改为

技术分享
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib

echo
echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "
echo "Done"
echo
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③init/rcS文件更改为

技术分享
#! /bin/sh
/bin/mkdir -p /dev/pts
/bin/mkdir -p /dev/shm
/bin/mount -a
/bin/mount -t tmpfs mdev /dev
/bin/echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s

#######config Network################################
/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.103
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.0
/sbin/route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0
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④fstab文件更改为

技术分享
proc            /proc   proc    defaults    0   0
sysfs           /sys    sysfs   defaults    0   0
none            /dev/pts    devpts   mode=0622      0 0
tmpfs           /dev/shm    tmpfs    defaults       0 
View Code

⑤登陆用户

技术分享
cp /etc/passwd etc/

cp /etc/shadow etc/

cp /etc/group etc/
View Code

 

保留你需要的登陆用户名

当然此步可以忽略,无此步就是需要要任何认证即可登陆

(4)安装内核模块

进入linux-3.0.35内核源码根目录

make modules ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
make modules_install ARCH=arm INSTALL_MOD_PATH=../mkrootfs/rootfs

 

至此完成内核模块的安装

(5)复制编译器的库

cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/*so* ./lib/ -d
cp -pR ../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi-4.8.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/*so* ./usr/lib/ -d

 

此次库安装完毕.

打包跟文件系统,进入根文件系统的根目录, 

 tar cvzf rootfs.tgz * 

此时,rootfs.tgz就是打包好的根文件系统.

到此为止,根文件系统建立完毕.下面开始烧写可执行文件喽.

 

4.烧写

烧写所需食材就是前面生成的可执行文件,u-boot.bin/uImage/rootfs.tgz.

我的SD卡为sdb设备文件,根据挂载的设备文件不同进行修改.

( 1 )擦除环境变量存储位置

sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=1536 count=16
sync

 

( 2 )烧写u-boot.bin

sudo dd if=u-boot.bin of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2 skip=2
sync

 

( 3)烧写uImage

sudo dd if=uImage of=/dev/sdb bs=512 seek=2048
sync 

 

(4)烧写根文件系统

对SD进行ext3分区,并拷贝文件分区

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb 

 

Step1: 通过指令u切换到sectors模式。输入u后回车,fdisk会在sectors模式和cylinders模式间切换,这里切换到sectors模式。

Step2:通过d指令删除原来的分区。重复的输入d并回车,可以删除SD卡原有的分区,知道没有任何分区为止。

Step3:通过n指令新建分区。输入n并回车。

Step4:通过p指令设置为主分区。输入p并回车。

Step5:输入分区编号。这里输入数字1。

Step6:输入分区的起始位置。该位置是sectors为单位的,每个sector的大小为512B,这里偏移8M,给内核留下足够的存储空间,输入16384(8192*2)并回车。

Step7:输入分区的结束为止。直接使用默认值,即到达SD卡的末尾,故直接回车即可。

Step8:保存分区信息。输入指令w并回车。

使用ext3格式化SD卡

sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1    

 

挂载SD卡到/mnt目录下,这样就可用对SD卡进行操作

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt 
sudo tar xvzf rootfs.tgz -C /mnt/
sync

 

此时,已完成平台移植,查到开发板开电,是不是很激动而紧张啊

5.上电打印信息

技术分享
U-Boot 2009.08-dirty ( 1??月 24 2016 - 20:47:28)

CPU: Freescale i.MX6 family TO1.2 at 792 MHz
Thermal sensor with ratio = 170
Temperature:   20 C, calibration data 0x5384a769
mx6q pll1: 792MHz
mx6q pll2: 528MHz
mx6q pll3: 480MHz
mx6q pll8: 50MHz
ipg clock     : 66000000Hz
ipg per clock : 66000000Hz
uart clock    : 80000000Hz
cspi clock    : 60000000Hz
ahb clock     : 132000000Hz
axi clock   : 264000000Hz
emi_slow clock: 132000000Hz
ddr clock     : 528000000Hz
usdhc1 clock  : 198000000Hz
usdhc2 clock  : 198000000Hz
usdhc3 clock  : 198000000Hz
usdhc4 clock  : 198000000Hz
nfc clock     : 24000000Hz
Board: i.MX6Q-SABRESD: unknown-board Board: 0x63012 [WDOG ]
Boot Device: SD
I2C:   ready
DRAM:   1 GB
MMC:   FSL_USDHC: 0,FSL_USDHC: 1,FSL_USDHC: 2,FSL_USDHC: 3
*** Warning - bad CRC or MMC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   got MAC address from IIM: 00:00:00:00:00:00
FEC0 [PRIME]
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
mmc1 is current device

MMC read: dev # 1, block # 2048, count 8192 ... 8192 blocks read: OK
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 10800000 ...
   Image Name:   Linux-3.0.35
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    3847528 Bytes =  3.7 MB
   Load Address: 10008000
   Entry Point:  10008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 3.0.35 (shirf@shirf-pc) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140320 (prerelease) (Sourcery CodeBench Lite 2014.05-29) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Jan 246
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [412fc09a] revision 10 (ARMv7), cr=10c53c7d
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
Machine: Freescale i.MX 6Quad/DualLite/Solo Sabre-SD Board
Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x54410008
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writealloc
CPU identified as i.MX6Q, silicon rev 1.2
PERCPU: Embedded 7 pages/cpu @8c008000 s5440 r8192 d15040 u32768
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 194560
Kernel command line: console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1 rootwait
PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Memory: 512MB 256MB = 768MB total
Memory: 765844k/765844k available, 282732k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
    DMA     : 0xf4600000 - 0xffe00000   ( 184 MB)
    vmalloc : 0xc0800000 - 0xf2000000   ( 792 MB)
    lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xc0000000   (1024 MB)
    pkmap   : 0x7fe00000 - 0x80000000   (   2 MB)
    modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x7fe00000   (  14 MB)
      .init : 0x80008000 - 0x8003c000   ( 208 kB)
      .text : 0x8003c000 - 0x80a9a220   (10617 kB)
      .data : 0x80a9c000 - 0x80affce0   ( 400 kB)
       .bss : 0x80affd04 - 0x80b2db4c   ( 184 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
NR_IRQS:624
MXC GPIO hardware
sched_clock: 32 bits at 3000kHz, resolution 333ns, wraps every 1431655ms
arm_max_freq=1GHz
MXC_Early serial console at MMIO 0x2020000 (options 115200)
bootconsole [ttymxc0] enabled
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating delay loop... 1581.05 BogoMIPS (lpj=7905280)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
hw perfevents: enabled with ARMv7 Cortex-A9 PMU driver, 7 counters available
CPU1: Booted secondary processor
CPU2: Booted secondary processor
CPU3: Booted secondary processor
Brought up 4 CPUs
SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (6324.22 BogoMIPS).
print_constraints: dummy: 
NET: Registered protocol family 16
print_constraints: vddpu: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 700 mV fast normal 
print_constraints: vddcore: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 1150 mV fast normal 
print_constraints: vddsoc: 725 <--> 1300 mV at 1200 mV fast normal 
print_constraints: vdd2p5: 2000 <--> 2775 mV at 2400 mV fast normal 
print_constraints: vdd1p1: 800 <--> 1400 mV at 1100 mV fast normal 
print_constraints: vdd3p0: 2625 <--> 3400 mV at 3000 mV fast normal 
hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers.
hw-breakpoint: 1 breakpoint(s) reserved for watchpoint single-step.
hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes.
L310 cache controller enabled
l2x0: 16 ways, CACHE_ID 0x410000c7, AUX_CTRL 0x32070000, Cache size: 1048576 B
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
mxs-dma mxs-dma-apbh: initialized
print_constraints: SPKVDD: 4200 mV 
print_constraints: vmmc: 3300 mV 
SCSI subsystem initialized
spi_imx imx6q-ecspi.0: probed
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Freescale USB OTG Driver loaded, $Revision: 1.55 $
mc_pfuze 1-0008: recv failed!:-5,c8
mc_pfuze: probe of 1-0008 failed with error -1
imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.0: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: 1(0~1), 5B(4,5), 5F(6,7)
imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.1: IPU DMFC NORMAL mode: 1(0~1), 5B(4,5), 5F(6,7)
mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 driver probed
mxc_mipi_csi2 mxc_mipi_csi2: i.MX MIPI CSI2 dphy version is 0x3130302a
MIPI CSI2 driver module loaded
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.
Bluetooth: Core ver 2.16
NET: Registered protocol family 31
Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized
Bluetooth: HCI socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: L2CAP socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: SCO socket layer initialized
cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain
max17135 2-0048: PMIC MAX17135 for eInk display
i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [max17135] using legacy resume method
Switching to clocksource mxc_timer1
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7, 786432 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
PMU: registered new PMU device of type 0
Static Power Management for Freescale i.MX6
wait mode is enabled for i.MX6
cpaddr = 0 suspend_iram_base=f2900000
PM driver module loaded
IMX usb wakeup probe
add wake up source irq 75
IMX usb wakeup probe
cpu regulator mode:ldo_enable
i.MXC CPU frequency driver
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) ?? 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
msgmni has been set to 1495
alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
mxc_mipi_dsi mxc_mipi_dsi: i.MX MIPI DSI driver probed
MIPI DSI driver module loaded
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.0: register mxc display driver ldb
_regulator_get: get() with no identifier
imx-ipuv3 imx-ipuv3.1: IPU DMFC DP HIGH RESOLUTION: 1(0,1), 5B(2~5), 5F(6,7)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.1: register mxc display driver ldb
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.2: register mxc display driver lcd
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.3: register mxc display driver ldb
mxc_sdc_fb mxc_sdc_fb.3: ipu1-di0 already in use
mxc_sdc_fb: probe of mxc_sdc_fb.3 failed with error -16
imx-sdma imx-sdma: loaded firmware 1.1
imx-sdma imx-sdma: initialized
Serial: IMX driver
imx-uart.2: ttymxc2 at MMIO 0x21ec000 (irq = 60) is a IMX
imx-uart.0: ttymxc0 at MMIO 0x2020000 (irq = 58) is a IMX
console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
console [ttymxc0] enabled, bootconsole disabled
loop: module loaded
Wait for CR ACK error!
sata phy rx_pll is stable!
No sata disk.
m25p80 spi0.0: unrecognized JEDEC id ffffff
GPMI NAND driver registered. (IMX)
vcan: Virtual CAN interface driver
CAN device driver interface
flexcan netdevice driver
FEC Ethernet Driver
fec_enet_mii_bus: probed
ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: irq 75, io base 0x02184000
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected
add wake up source irq 72
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: Freescale On-Chip EHCI Host Controller
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: irq 72, io base 0x02184200
fsl-ehci fsl-ehci.1: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-0:1.0: 1 port detected
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
ARC USBOTG Device Controller driver (1 August 2005)
mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
input: max11801_ts as /devices/platform/imx-i2c.1/i2c-1/1-0048/input/input1
egalax_ts 1-0004: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version
egalax_ts: probe of 1-0004 failed with error -5
egalax_ts 2-0004: egalax_ts: failed to read firmware version
egalax_ts: probe of 2-0004 failed with error -5
usb 2-1: new high speed USB device number 2 using fsl-ehci
elan - Read Hello Packet Failed
elan-touch: probe of 2-0010 failed with error -22
i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [isl29023] using legacy resume method
snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.0: rtc core: registered snvs_rtc as rtc0
i2c /dev entries driver
Linux video capture interface: v2.00
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video16
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video17
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video18
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video19
mxc_v4l2_output mxc_v4l2_output.0: V4L2 device registered as video20
hub 2-1:1.0: USB hub found
hub 2-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
mag3110 2-000e: check mag3110 chip ID
mag3110 2-000e: read chip ID 0xfffffffb is not equal to 0xc4!
mag3110: probe of 2-000e failed with error -22
i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [mag3110] using legacy resume method
mma8451 0-001c: read chip ID 0x1 is not equal to 0x1a or 0x2a!
mma8451: probe of 0-001c failed with error -22
imx2-wdt imx2-wdt.0: IMX2+ Watchdog Timer enabled. timeout=60s (nowayout=1)
Bluetooth: Virtual HCI driver ver 1.3
Bluetooth: HCI UART driver ver 2.2
Bluetooth: HCIATH3K protocol initialized
Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.6
usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
mmc0: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.3] using DMA
sdhci sdhci-esdhc-imx.1: no card-detect pin available!
mmc1: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.1] using DMA
mmc2: SDHCI controller on platform [sdhci-esdhc-imx.2] using DMA
mxc_vdoa mxc_vdoa: i.MX Video Data Order Adapter(VDOA) driver probed
VPU initialized
mxc_asrc registered
Galcore version 4.6.9.9754
Thermal calibration data is 0x5384a769
Thermal sensor with ratio = 170
Anatop Thermal registered as thermal_zone0
anatop_thermal_probe: default cooling device is cpufreq!
leds-gpio: probe of leds-gpio failed with error -16
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
mxc_hdmi_soc mxc_hdmi_soc.0: MXC HDMI Audio
Cirrus Logic CS42888 ALSA SoC Codec Driver
i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy suspend method
i2c-core: driver [cs42888] using legacy resume method
imx-hdmi-soc-dai imx-hdmi-soc-dai.0: Failed: Load HDMI-video first.
wm8962 0-001a: Failed to get supply DCVDD: -19
wm8962 0-001a: Failed to request supplies: -19
wm8962 0-001a: asoc: failed to probe CODEC wm8962.0-001a: -19
asoc: failed to instantiate card wm8962-audio: -19
mmc0: new high speed DDR MMC card at address 0001
imx_3stack asoc driver
mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 008G92 7.28 GiB 
mmcblk0boot0: mmc0:0001 008G92 partition 1 4.00 MiB
mmcblk0boot1: mmc0:0001 008G92 partition 2 4.00 MiB
 mmcblk0: p1
Initialize HDMI-audio failed. Load HDMI-video first!
ALSA device list:
  No soundcards found.
NET: Registered protocol family 26
 mmcblk0boot1: unknown partition table
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
can: controller area network core (rev 20090105 abi 8)
NET: Registered protocol family 29
can: raw protocol (rev 20090105)
can: broadcast manager protocol (rev 20090105 t)
Bluetooth: RFCOMM TTY layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM socket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMM ver 1.11
Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
 mmcblk0boot0: unknown partition table
Bluetooth: HIDP (Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.2
lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 4
DDR type is DDR3
Bus freq driver module loaded
Bus freq driver Enabled
mxc_dvfs_core_probe
DVFS driver module loaded
regulator_init_complete: SPKVDD: incomplete constraints, leaving on
snvs_rtc snvs_rtc.0: setting system clock to 1970-01-01 00:01:00 UTC (60)
Waiting for root device /dev/mmcblk1p1...
mmc1: new high speed SD card at address 1234
mmcblk1: mmc1:1234 SA02G 1.81 GiB 
 mmcblk1: p1
EXT3-fs: barriers not enabled
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): using internal journal
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): recovery complete
EXT3-fs (mmcblk1p1): mounted filesystem with writeback data mode
VFS: Mounted root (ext3 filesystem) on device 179:25.
Freeing init memory: 208K
eth0: Freescale FEC PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=1:00, irq=-1)

Processing /etc/profile... Done

/ # PHY: 1:00 - Link is Up - 100/Full
View Code

 

[i.MX6q]i.MX6q处理器,linux操作系统平台搭建 从SD卡启动系统