刚学习Java不久,今天遇到一个问题,需要在方法中修改传入的对象的值,确切的说是需要使用一个方法,创建一个对象,并把其引用返回,熟悉C#的我
的第一反应就是C#中的ref/out关键字,结果发现Java中没有类似的关键字,所以只能想想如何解决此问题.
参数传递:
方法的参数传递有两种,一种是值传递,一种是引用传递,但是其实都是拷贝传递。
值传递:就是把传递的【数据本身拷贝一份】,传入方法中对其进行操作,拷贝的是值。
引用传递:就是把指向某个对象的【引用拷贝一份】,传入方法中通过此引用可以对对象进行操作。
那么就我当前的问题而言,我需要一个方法,我传入一个引用,在方法中创建所需对象.
那么在Java中就会只能给当前对象在封装一层(定义一个新类),使得需要创建的对象成为新类的成员,在方法中为成员赋值
Example:
C#:
/// <summary>
/// model
/// </summary>
public class Student
{
public string Name;
public int Age;
}
/// 方法:
/// <summary>
/// 错误示范
///
/// student这个引用是拷贝传入的,创建新的对应Student
/// 把引用赋给student,当方法退栈之后student引用回到压栈前
/// 则Student对象引用数为0,等待GC,引用student依旧是原来的值(逻辑地址)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="student"></param>
static void createStudent(Student student)
{
student = new Student { Name ="Stephen Lee", Age = 1};
}
/// <summary>
/// 正确做法
///
/// 通过ref关键字,把操作权让给方法内部
/// </summary>
/// <param name="student"></param>
static void createStudent(ref Student student)
{
student = new Student { Name = "Stephen Lee", Age = 1 };
}
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
</style><style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
</style> // Client
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("错误示范");
Student student1 = null;
createStudent(student1);
if (student1 == null)
Console.WriteLine("创建对象失败");
else
Console.WriteLine("创建对象成功,Name:" + student1.Name);
Console.WriteLine("正确做法");
Student student2 = null;
createStudent(ref student2);
if (student2 == null)
Console.WriteLine("创建对象失败");
else
Console.WriteLine("创建对象成功,Name:" + student2.Name);
}
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
</style>
Java:
/** Model
* @author Stephen
*
*/
public class Student
{
public String Name;
public int Age;
public Student(String name,int age)
{
this.Name = name;
this.Age = age;
}
}
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
</style>
/** 错误示范,原因同C#
* @param student
*/
private void createStudent(Student student)
{
student = new Student("Stephen Lee",1);
}
/** 正确做法
* @param studentPack
*/
private void createStudent(StudentPack studentPack)
{
studentPack.student = new Student("Stephen Lee",1);
}
/** 包装器
* @author Stephen
*
*/
public class StudentPack
{
public Student student;
}
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
</style>
// Client
StudentPack studentPack = new StudentPack();
createStudent(studentPack);
System.out.println(studentPack.student.Name);
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre
{
font-size: small;
color: black;
font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;
background-color: #ffffff;
/*white-space: pre;*/
}
.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }
.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }
.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }
.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }
.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }
.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }
.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }
.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }
.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }
.csharpcode .alt
{
background-color: #f4f4f4;
width: 100%;
margin: 0em;
}
.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }
</style>ref/out关键字:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/14akc2c7.aspx