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Java中替代C# ref/out 关键字方案:

刚学习Java不久,今天遇到一个问题,需要在方法中修改传入的对象的值,确切的说是需要使用一个方法,创建一个对象,并把其引用返回,熟悉C#的我
的第一反应就是C#中的ref/out关键字,结果发现Java中没有类似的关键字,所以只能想想如何解决此问题.


参数传递:
方法的参数传递有两种,一种是值传递,一种是引用传递,但是其实都是拷贝传递。

值传递:就是把传递的【数据本身拷贝一份】,传入方法中对其进行操作,拷贝的是值。
引用传递:就是把指向某个对象的【引用拷贝一份】,传入方法中通过此引用可以对对象进行操作。


那么就我当前的问题而言,我需要一个方法,我传入一个引用,在方法中创建所需对象.

那么在Java中就会只能给当前对象在封装一层(定义一个新类),使得需要创建的对象成为新类的成员,在方法中为成员赋值



Example:

C#:

    /// <summary>
    /// model
    /// </summary>
    public class Student
    {
        public string Name;
        public int Age;
    }
 
        /// 方法:
        /// <summary>
        /// 错误示范
        /// 
        /// student这个引用是拷贝传入的,创建新的对应Student 
        /// 把引用赋给student,当方法退栈之后student引用回到压栈前
        /// 则Student对象引用数为0,等待GC,引用student依旧是原来的值(逻辑地址)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="student"></param>
        static void createStudent(Student student)
        {
            student = new Student { Name ="Stephen Lee", Age = 1};
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 正确做法
        /// 
        /// 通过ref关键字,把操作权让给方法内部
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="student"></param>
        static void createStudent(ref Student student)
        {
            student = new Student { Name = "Stephen Lee", Age = 1 };
        }
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } </style><style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } </style>
        // Client
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("错误示范");
            Student student1 = null;
            createStudent(student1);
            if (student1 == null)
                Console.WriteLine("创建对象失败");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("创建对象成功,Name:" + student1.Name);
 
            Console.WriteLine("正确做法");
            Student student2 = null;
            createStudent(ref student2);
            if (student2 == null)
                Console.WriteLine("创建对象失败");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("创建对象成功,Name:" + student2.Name);
        }
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } </style>

 

 

Java:

/** Model
 * @author Stephen
 *
 */
public class Student
{
    public String Name;
    public int Age;
    
    public Student(String name,int age)
    {
        this.Name = name;
        this.Age = age;
    }
}
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } </style>
 
    /** 错误示范,原因同C#
     * @param student
     */
    private void createStudent(Student student)
    {
        student = new Student("Stephen Lee",1);
    }
    
    /** 正确做法
     * @param studentPack
     */
    private void createStudent(StudentPack studentPack)
    {
        studentPack.student = new Student("Stephen Lee",1);
    }
    
    
    /** 包装器
     * @author Stephen
     *
     */
    public class StudentPack
    {
        public Student student;
    }
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } </style>

 

        // Client
        StudentPack studentPack = new StudentPack();
        createStudent(studentPack);
        System.out.println(studentPack.student.Name);
 
 
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } </style>

ref/out关键字:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/14akc2c7.aspx