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Hibernate4.x之映射关系--单向一对多

在领域模型中,类与类之间最普遍的关系就是关联关系
在UML中,关联是有方向的
  以Customer和Order为例:一个用户能发出多个订单,而一个订单只能属于一个客户。从Order到Customer的关联是多对一关联;而从Customer到Order是一对多关联

单向n-1
  单向n-1关联只需从n的一端可以访问到1的一端
  域模型:从Order到Customer的多对一单向关联需要在Order类中定义一个Customer属性,而在Customer类中无需定义存放Order对象的集合属性
  关系数据模型:ORDER表中的CUSTOMER_ID参照CUSTOMER表的主键

代码如下:

 1 package com.yl.hibernate.entities.n21; 2  3 public class Customer { 4      5     private Integer customerId; 6     private String customerName; 7     public Integer getCustomerId() { 8         return customerId; 9     }10     public void setCustomerId(Integer customerId) {11         this.customerId = customerId;12     }13     public String getCustomerName() {14         return customerName;15     }16     public void setCustomerName(String customerName) {17         this.customerName = customerName;18     }19     20     21 }
 1 package com.yl.hibernate.entities.n21; 2  3 public class Order { 4      5     private Integer orderId; 6     private String orderName; 7      8     private Customer customer; 9 10     public Integer getOrderId() {11         return orderId;12     }13 14     public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {15         this.orderId = orderId;16     }17 18     public String getOrderName() {19         return orderName;20     }21 22     public void setOrderName(String orderName) {23         this.orderName = orderName;24     }25 26     public Customer getCustomer() {27         return customer;28     }29 30     public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {31         this.customer = customer;32     }33     34     35 }

Customer.hbm.xml

 1 <?xml version="1.0"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 3 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 4 <!-- Generated 2014-11-26 19:19:40 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 --> 5 <hibernate-mapping> 6     <class name="com.yl.hibernate.entities.n21.Customer" table="CUSTOMERS"> 7         <id name="customerId" type="java.lang.Integer"> 8             <column name="CUSTOMER_ID" /> 9             <generator class="native" />10         </id>11         <property name="customerName" type="java.lang.String">12             <column name="CUSTOMER_NAME" />13         </property>14     </class>15 </hibernate-mapping>

Order.hbm.xml

 1 <?xml version="1.0"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" 3 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 4 <!-- Generated 2014-11-26 19:19:40 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 --> 5 <hibernate-mapping> 6     <class name="com.yl.hibernate.entities.n21.Order" table="ORDERS"> 7         <id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer"> 8             <column name="ORDER_ID" /> 9             <generator class="native" />10         </id>11         <property name="orderName" type="java.lang.String">12             <column name="ORDER_NAME" />13         </property>14         <!-- 映射多对一的映射关系。使用many-to-one 来映射多对一的关联关系15             name:多这一端关联的一那一端的属性的名字16             class:一那一端的属性对应的类名17             column:一那一端在多的一端对应的数据表中的外键的名字18          -->19         <many-to-one name="customer" class="com.yl.hibernate.entities.n21.Customer" column="CUSTOMER_ID">20         </many-to-one>21        22     </class>23 </hibernate-mapping>

测试类:

  1 package com.yl.hibernate.entities.n21;  2   3   4 import org.hibernate.Session;  5 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;  6 import org.hibernate.Transaction;  7 import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;  8 import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;  9 import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder; 10 import org.junit.After; 11 import org.junit.Before; 12 import org.junit.Test; 13  14 public class HibernateTest { 15  16     private SessionFactory sessionFactory; 17     private Session session; 18     private Transaction transaction; 19      20     @Before 21     public void init() { 22         Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure(); 23         ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry =  24                 new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()) 25                                             .buildServiceRegistry(); 26  27         sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); 28          29         session = sessionFactory.openSession(); 30  31         transaction = session.beginTransaction(); 32     } 33     @After 34     public void destory() { 35         transaction.commit(); 36          37         session.close(); 38          39         sessionFactory.close(); 40     } 41      42     @Test 43     public void testMany2OneSave() { 44         Customer customer = new Customer(); 45         customer.setCustomerName("BB"); 46          47         Order order1 = new Order(); 48         order1.setOrderName("ORDER-3"); 49          50         Order order2 = new Order(); 51         order2.setOrderName("ORDER-4"); 52          53         //设定关联关系 54         order1.setCustomer(customer); 55         order2.setCustomer(customer); 56          57         //执行save操作:先插入Customer,再插入Order,3条INSERT 58         //先插入1的一端,再插入n的一端,只有INSERT语句 59         /*session.save(customer); 60          61         session.save(order1); 62         session.save(order2);*/ 63          64         //先插入Order,在插入Customer. 3条INSERT, 2条UPDATE 65         //先插入n的一端,再插入1的一端,会多出UPDATE语句 66         //因为在插入多的一端时,无法确定1的一端的外键值,所以只能等1的一端插入后,在额外发送UPDATE语句 67         //推荐先插入1的一端,再插入n的一端 68         session.save(order1); 69         session.save(order2); 70          71         session.save(customer); 72     } 73      74     @Test 75     public void testMany2OneGet() { 76         //1.若查询多的一端的一个对象,则默认情况下,只查询了多的一端的对象,而没有查询关联的1的那一端的对象! 77         Order order = (Order) session.get(Order.class, 2); 78         System.out.println(order.getOrderName()); 79         //2.在需要使用到关联的对象时,才发送对应的SQL语句 80         Customer customer = order.getCustomer(); 81         System.out.println(customer.getCustomerName()); 82          83         //3.在查询Customer对象时,由多的一端导航到1的一端时, 84         //若此时,session已被关闭,则默认情况下 85         //会发生懒加载异常 86          87         //4.获取Order对象时,默认情况下,其关联的Customer对象时一个代理对象! 88     } 89      90     @Test 91     public void testUpdate() { 92         Order order = (Order) session.get(Order.class, 2); 93         order.getCustomer().setCustomerName("AAA"); 94     } 95      96     @Test 97     public void testDelete() { 98         //在不设定级联关系的情况下,且1这一端的对象有 n 的对象在引用, 则不能直接删除1这一端的对象 99         Customer customer = (Customer) session.get(Customer.class, 1);100         session.delete(customer);101     }102     103     104     105 }

 

Hibernate4.x之映射关系--单向一对多