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Huffman Coding 哈夫曼编码

作者:jostree 转载请注明出处 http://www.cnblogs.com/jostree/p/4096079.html

使用优先队列实现,需要注意以下几点:

1.在使用priority_queue时,内部需要存储哈夫曼树节点的指针,而不能是节点。因为构建哈夫曼树时,需要把其左右指针指向孩子,而如果储存的是节点,那么孩子的地址是会改变的。同理节点应当使用new在内存中开辟,而不能使用vector,原因是vector在数组大小为2整数次幂时,大小会倍增,开辟新数组并把老数组的数字copy过去,从而也会导致地址变化。

2.优先队列对指针的排列,需要额外写一个比较函数来比较指针指向的节点的大小。bool operator () (wcnode * node1, wcnode * node2) return node1->lessthan(node2);并在定义优先队列时使用这种方法:    priority_queue <wcnode*, vector<wcnode*>, compare> 第一个参数是节点类型,第二个参数是优先队列的储存结构,第三个参数是比较函数。

3.C++在写入文件时,由于只能按字节写入,因此需要把8个bit位转化为一个字节,最后不足8位用0补齐,并记录文件总bit数,便于解码。然后写入文件。另写入二进制文件可以使用ofstream out("output.txt",std::ofstream::binary);

4.哈夫曼编码信息包括每种字符的映射,和该文件的总bit数。

其代码如下:

  1 #include <cstdio>  2 #include <cstdlib>  3 #include <iostream>  4 #include <cstring>  5 #include  <fstream>  6 #include  <queue>  7 #include  <map>  8 #include  <vector>  9 using namespace std; 10 class compare; 11  12 class wcnode 13 { 14     public: 15         friend class compare; 16         char word; 17         int count; 18         wcnode* left; 19         wcnode* right; 20         bool lessthan (const wcnode *w)const 21         { 22             return count > w->count; 23         } 24         wcnode(char w=\0, int c=0, wcnode* l=NULL, wcnode * r=NULL) 25         { 26             word = w; count = c; left = l; right = r; 27         } 28 }; 29  30 class compare 31 { 32     public: 33         bool operator () (wcnode * node1, wcnode * node2) 34         { 35             return node1->lessthan(node2); 36         } 37 }; 38  39 void preorder(wcnode *head, vector<bool> rec, map<char, vector<bool> > & res) 40 { 41     if( head->left == NULL && head->right == NULL ) 42     { 43         res[head->word] = rec; 44         return; 45     } 46     vector<bool> l = rec; 47     l.push_back(0); 48     vector<bool> r = rec; 49     r.push_back(1); 50     if(head->left != NULL) preorder(head->left, l, res); 51     if(head->right != NULL) preorder(head->right, r, res); 52 } 53 map<char, vector<bool> > encode(map<char, int> &wordcount) 54 { 55     map<char, vector<bool> > res; 56     priority_queue <wcnode*, vector<wcnode*>, compare> pq; 57     map<char, int>::iterator t; 58     wcnode *tmp; 59     wcnode *t1, *t2, *t3; 60  61     for( t = wordcount.begin() ; t != wordcount.end() ; t++ ) 62     { 63         tmp = new wcnode(); 64         tmp->word = t->first; 65         tmp->count = t->second; 66         pq.push(tmp); 67     } 68     while( pq.size() > 1 ) 69     { 70         t1 = pq.top(); 71         pq.pop(); 72         t2 = pq.top(); 73         pq.pop(); 74         t3 = new wcnode(); 75         t3->count = t1->count + t2->count; 76         t3->left = t1; 77         t3->right = t2; 78         pq.push(t3); 79     } 80     wcnode *huffmanhead = pq.top(); 81     vector<bool> rec; 82     preorder(huffmanhead, rec, res); 83     map<char, vector<bool>  >::iterator it; 84     for( it = res.begin() ; it != res.end() ; it++ ) 85     { 86         cout<<it->first<<":"; 87         for( int i = 0; i < it->second.size() ; i++ ) 88         { 89             cout<<it->second[i]; 90         } 91         cout<<", "; 92     } 93     return res; 94 } 95  96 void output(string s, string passage, map<char, vector<bool> > res) 97 { 98     ofstream out(s.c_str()); 99     vector<bool> bit;100     for( int i = 0 ; i < passage.size() ; i++ )101     {102         vector<bool> tmp = res[passage[i]];103         for( int i = 0 ; i < tmp.size(); i++ )104         {105             bit.push_back(tmp[i]);106         }107     }108     char outputchar = 0;109     for( int i = 0 ; i < bit.size() ; i++ )110     {111         if( i % 8 == 7 )112         {113            out.write(&outputchar, sizeof(outputchar));114            outputchar = 0;115         }116         outputchar = outputchar + bit[i];117         outputchar = outputchar * 2;118     }119     if( outputchar != 0 )120     {121         out.write(&outputchar, sizeof(outputchar));122     }123     out.close();124 }125 int main(int argc, char *argv[])126 {127     char tmp;128     ifstream in("Aesop_Fables.txt");129     map <char, int> wordcount;130     map <char, vector<bool> > res;131     string passage;132     while( in.get(tmp) )133     {134         passage += tmp;135         if( wordcount.count(tmp) == 0  )136         {137             wordcount[tmp] = 1;138         }139         else140         {141             wordcount[tmp]++;142         }143     }144     res = encode(wordcount);145     output("outAesop.txt", passage, res);146     in.close();147 }
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Huffman Coding 哈夫曼编码