#14 Longest Common Prefix

Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array of strings.

这个题求多个字符串的公共前缀，除了要考虑串空外，假设存在公共前缀，那么必然也是第一个串的前缀。

所以能够以第一个串为基准，比較其它串的前缀是否与第一个串同样。

char* longestCommonPrefix(char** strs, int strsSize) {
    char *s0,*si;
    int index;//指示比較位置
    if (strsSize <= 0 || strs == NULL) return strs;
    if (strsSize == 1) return strs[0];
    s0 = strs[0];//以第一个字符串为基准
    for (int i = 1; i < strsSize; ++i) 
    {
        si = strs[i];
        index = 0;//每一个字符串从0位置開始比較
        while (true) 
        {
            if (s0[index] != si[index] || s0[index] == NULL || si[index] == NULL) 
            {
                s0[index] = ‘\0‘;//对于不相等的位置，必然不是公共前缀
                break;
            }
            index++;
        }
    }
    return strs[0];
}

Given a linked list, remove the nth node from the end of list and return its head.

For example,

   Given linked list: 1->2->3->4->5, and n = 2.

   After removing the second node from the end, the linked list becomes 1->2->3->5.

Note:
Given n will always be valid.
Try to do this in one pass.

//0ms
/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     struct ListNode *next;
 * };
 */
struct ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(struct ListNode* head, int n) {
    int len=0,j=0;
	struct ListNode *p,*q;
	p = head;//指向第一个元素 没有头结点
	//求链表长度
	while(p!=NULL)
	{
		p = p->next;
		len++;
	}
	//边界条件 
	if(len-n<0)
		return NULL;
    if(len==1 &&n==1)
        return NULL;
	p = head;//指向第一个元素
	q=p;
	//删除的元素是第一个位置，不存在q全部先讨论
	if(n==len)
	{
		p =head->next;
		return p;
	}
	//一般条件---待删除元素位于第len-n+1个位置，倒数第n个位置
	for(j=1;j<=len-n;j++)
	{
		q = p;//q指向待删除元素前一个元素第len-n个元素
		p = p->next;//p指向待删除元素---第len-n+1个元素
	}
	q->next = p->next;
	return head;
}

struct ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(struct ListNode* head, int n) 
{
	struct ListNode* front = head;
	struct ListNode* behind = head;
	//front后移len长度，behind后移len-n长度。behind->next即为待删除节点
	while (front != NULL) 
	{
		front = front->next;
		if (n-- < 0) 
			behind = behind->next;
	}
	if (n == 0)//len==n
		head = head->next;
	else
		behind->next = behind->next->next;
	return head;
}

Given a string containing just the characters ‘(‘, ‘)‘, ‘{‘, ‘}‘, ‘[‘ and ‘]‘, determine if the input string is valid.

The brackets must close in the correct order, "()" and "()[]{}" are all valid but "(]" and "([)]" are not.

bool isValid(char* s) {
    int i,top,len;
	char *a;
	char ch;
	len = strlen(s);
	a = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*len);
	top =-1;
	for(i=0;i<len;i++)
	{
		ch = s[i];
		if(ch==‘{‘||ch==‘(‘||ch==‘[‘)
			a[++top] = ch;
		if(ch==‘]‘||ch==‘)‘||ch==‘}‘)
		{
			if(top==-1)
				return false;
			else if(ch==‘]‘&& a[top]==‘[‘)
				top--;
			else if(ch==‘}‘&& a[top]==‘{‘)
				top--;
			else if(ch==‘)‘&& a[top]==‘(‘)
				top--;
			else
			    return false;
		}
	}
	if(top==-1)
	    return true;
	else
	    return false;
}

Merge two sorted linked lists and return it as a new list. The new list should be made by splicing together the nodes of the first two lists.

合并两个有序链表---首先想到了归并排序最后的合并两个有序数组，写法全然类似。查了下面discuss 发现一种递归的写法。

/**4ms
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     struct ListNode *next;
 * };
 */
struct ListNode* mergeTwoLists(struct ListNode* l1, struct ListNode* l2) {
	struct ListNode *p,*head;
	head = p;
	if(l1==NULL)
	    return l2;
	if(l2==NULL)
	    return l1;
	while(l1&&l2)
	{
		if(l1->val <= l2->val)
		{
			p->next = l1;
			l1 = l1->next;
		}
		else
		{
			p->next = l2;
			l2 = l2->next;
		}
		p = p->next;
	}
	if(l1)
		p->next = l1;
	if(l2)
		p->next = l2;
	return head->next;
}

/**4ms
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     struct ListNode *next;
 * };
 */
struct ListNode* mergeTwoLists(struct ListNode* l1, struct ListNode* l2)
{
	struct ListNode* l3;
	if(l1==NULL)
		return l2;
	if(l2==NULL)
		return l1;
	if(l1->val < l2->val)
	{
		l3 = l1;
		l3->next = mergeTwoLists(l1->next,l2);
	}
	else
	{
		l3 = l2;
		l3->next = mergeTwoLists(l1,l2->next);
	}
	return l3;
}