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POJ 1094: Sorting It All Out( 拓扑排序 )
Sorting It All Out
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 10000K | |
Total Submissions: 26866 | Accepted: 9267 |
Description
An ascending sorted sequence of distinct values is one in which some form of a less-than operator is used to order the elements from smallest to largest. For example, the sorted sequence A, B, C, D
implies that A < B, B < C and C < D. in this problem, we will give you a set of relations of the form A < B and ask you to determine whether a sorted order has been specified or not.
Input
Input consists of multiple problem instances. Each instance starts with a line containing two positive integers n and m. the first value indicated the number of objects to sort, where 2 <= n <= 26.
The objects to be sorted will be the first n characters of the uppercase alphabet. The second value m indicates the number of relations of the form A < B which will be given in this problem instance. Next will be m lines, each containing one such relation
consisting of three characters: an uppercase letter, the character "<" and a second uppercase letter. No letter will be outside the range of the first n letters of the alphabet. Values of n = m = 0 indicate end of input.
Output
For each problem instance, output consists of one line. This line should be one of the following three:
Sorted sequence determined after xxx relations: yyy...y.
Sorted sequence cannot be determined.
Inconsistency found after xxx relations.
where xxx is the number of relations processed at the time either a sorted sequence is determined or an inconsistency is found, whichever comes first, and yyy...y is the sorted, ascending sequence.
Sorted sequence determined after xxx relations: yyy...y.
Sorted sequence cannot be determined.
Inconsistency found after xxx relations.
where xxx is the number of relations processed at the time either a sorted sequence is determined or an inconsistency is found, whichever comes first, and yyy...y is the sorted, ascending sequence.
Sample Input
4 6
A<B
A<C
B<C
C<D
B<D
A<B
3 2
A<B
B<A
26 1
A<Z
0 0
Sample Output
Sorted sequence determined after 4 relations: ABCD.
Inconsistency found after 2 relations.
Sorted sequence cannot be determined.
要看清题。
。。。
Sorted sequence determined after 4 relations: ABCD. 输入前4个关系后,决定出了一个序列(关系总数可能大于4) Inconsistency found after 2 relations. 输入前2个关系后,冲突出现了(环,关系总数可能大于2) Sorted sequence cannot be determined. 全部关系输入后。序列和冲突均无出现
偏序与全序:
从离散数学的角度来看,拓扑排序就是由某集合上的一个偏序得到该集合上的一个全序。
直观的来说,偏序即集合中仅部分元素间可比較(存在某些元素间无法比較)。全序即集合中全部元素间均可比較。
更直观地。一个偏序能够是一个流程图,表示完毕某项任务过程中各个步骤之间的次序关系,拓扑排序的任务是在这个偏序上得到一个全序,即得到一个完毕整个项目的各步骤的序列。
排序依赖的原则就是各个步骤之间的优先关系。
拓扑排序得到的序列不一定是唯一的,由于某些步骤间没有规定优先关系(这就是偏序的特点),在拓扑排序的时候人为的增加一些规则,使得到的序列为满足偏序关系的一个全序。
用一个有向无环图更加有助于理解。
#include<cstdio> #include<iostream> #include<cstring> #include<queue> #include<algorithm> #include<vector> using namespace std; const int M = 30 ; const int N = 1000 + 50; int n, m; char inchar[N][M]; char outchar[M]; int in[M]; int cut; vector<int>amap[M]; int flag; int toposort() { cut = 0; queue<int>que; int temp[M]; memcpy( temp, in, sizeof( in ) ); bool all_out = true; //是否是全序的标记 for( int i=0; i<n; i++ ) if( !temp[i] ) que.push( i ); while( !que.empty() ) { if( que.size()>1 ) //若队列里不是一个元素时。就不是全序的了 all_out = false; int a = que.front(); que.pop(); outchar[ cut++ ] = a + ‘A‘; for( int i=0; i<amap[a].size(); i++ ) { int b = amap[a][i]; if( --temp[b]==0 ) //若元素多次出现, 则先不进队 que.push( b ); } } if( cut<n ) return -1; //cut<n, 说明存在环。冲突 else if( all_out==true ) return 1; else return 0; } int main() { while( scanf( "%d%d", &n, &m )==2 &&n &&m ) { memset( in, 0, sizeof( in ) ); for( int i=0; i<n; i++ ) amap[i].clear(); for( int i=0; i<m; i++ ) scanf( "%s", inchar[i] ); flag = 0; int cas; for( cas=0; cas<m; cas++ ) { int a = inchar[cas][0] - ‘A‘; int b = inchar[cas][2] - ‘A‘; amap[a].push_back( b ); in[b]++; flag = toposort(); if( flag!=0 ) break; } outchar[n] = ‘\0‘; // 注意在输出的数据后加个结束符 if(flag==1) printf("Sorted sequence determined after %d relations: %s.\n", cas+1, outchar); else if(flag==0) printf("Sorted sequence cannot be determined.\n"); else if(flag==-1) printf("Inconsistency found after %d relations.\n", cas+1); } return 0; }
POJ 1094: Sorting It All Out( 拓扑排序 )
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