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libevent源码分析:listener

listener是libevent封装的一个方便生成监听者的一组结构和函数,其中包括:

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  1 /*  2  * Copyright (c) 2000-2007 Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>  3  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012 Niels Provos and Nick Mathewson  4  *  5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions  7  * are met:  8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright  9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 14  *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 15  * 16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS‘‘ AND ANY EXPRESS OR 17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 18  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 19  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 20  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 21  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 22  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 23  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 24  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 25  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26  */ 27 #ifndef EVENT2_LISTENER_H_INCLUDED_ 28 #define EVENT2_LISTENER_H_INCLUDED_ 29  30 #include <event2/visibility.h> 31  32 #ifdef __cplusplus 33 extern "C" { 34 #endif 35  36 #include <event2/event.h> 37  38 struct sockaddr; 39 struct evconnlistener; 40  41 /** 42    A callback that we invoke when a listener has a new connection. 43  44    @param listener The evconnlistener 45    @param fd The new file descriptor 46    @param addr The source address of the connection 47    @param socklen The length of addr 48    @param user_arg the pointer passed to evconnlistener_new() 49  */ 50 typedef void (*evconnlistener_cb)(struct evconnlistener *, evutil_socket_t, struct sockaddr *, int socklen, void *); 51  52 /** 53    A callback that we invoke when a listener encounters a non-retriable error. 54  55    @param listener The evconnlistener 56    @param user_arg the pointer passed to evconnlistener_new() 57  */ 58 typedef void (*evconnlistener_errorcb)(struct evconnlistener *, void *); 59  60 /** Flag: Indicates that we should not make incoming sockets nonblocking 61  * before passing them to the callback. */ 62 #define LEV_OPT_LEAVE_SOCKETS_BLOCKING    (1u<<0) 63 /** Flag: Indicates that freeing the listener should close the underlying 64  * socket. */ 65 #define LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE        (1u<<1) 66 /** Flag: Indicates that we should set the close-on-exec flag, if possible */ 67 #define LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_EXEC        (1u<<2) 68 /** Flag: Indicates that we should disable the timeout (if any) between when 69  * this socket is closed and when we can listen again on the same port. */ 70 #define LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE        (1u<<3) 71 /** Flag: Indicates that the listener should be locked so it‘s safe to use 72  * from multiple threadcs at once. */ 73 #define LEV_OPT_THREADSAFE        (1u<<4) 74 /** Flag: Indicates that the listener should be created in disabled 75  * state. Use evconnlistener_enable() to enable it later. */ 76 #define LEV_OPT_DISABLED        (1u<<5) 77 /** Flag: Indicates that the listener should defer accept() until data is 78  * available, if possible.  Ignored on platforms that do not support this. 79  * 80  * This option can help performance for protocols where the client transmits 81  * immediately after connecting.  Do not use this option if your protocol 82  * _doesn‘t_ start out with the client transmitting data, since in that case 83  * this option will sometimes cause the kernel to never tell you about the 84  * connection. 85  * 86  * This option is only supported by evconnlistener_new_bind(): it can‘t 87  * work with evconnlistener_new_fd(), since the listener needs to be told 88  * to use the option before it is actually bound. 89  */ 90 #define LEV_OPT_DEFERRED_ACCEPT        (1u<<6) 91 /** Flag: Indicates that we ask to allow multiple servers (processes or 92  * threads) to bind to the same port if they each set the option.  93  *  94  * SO_REUSEPORT is what most people would expect SO_REUSEADDR to be, however 95  * SO_REUSEPORT does not imply SO_REUSEADDR. 96  * 97  * This is only available on Linux and kernel 3.9+ 98  */ 99 #define LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE_PORT        (1u<<7)100 101 /**102    Allocate a new evconnlistener object to listen for incoming TCP connections103    on a given file descriptor.104 105    @param base The event base to associate the listener with.106    @param cb A callback to be invoked when a new connection arrives.  If the107       callback is NULL, the listener will be treated as disabled until the108       callback is set.109    @param ptr A user-supplied pointer to give to the callback.110    @param flags Any number of LEV_OPT_* flags111    @param backlog Passed to the listen() call to determine the length of the112       acceptable connection backlog.  Set to -1 for a reasonable default.113       Set to 0 if the socket is already listening.114    @param fd The file descriptor to listen on.  It must be a nonblocking115       file descriptor, and it should already be bound to an appropriate116       port and address.117 */118 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL119 struct evconnlistener *evconnlistener_new(struct event_base *base,120     evconnlistener_cb cb, void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog,121     evutil_socket_t fd);122 /**123    Allocate a new evconnlistener object to listen for incoming TCP connections124    on a given address.125 126    @param base The event base to associate the listener with.127    @param cb A callback to be invoked when a new connection arrives. If the128       callback is NULL, the listener will be treated as disabled until the129       callback is set.130    @param ptr A user-supplied pointer to give to the callback.131    @param flags Any number of LEV_OPT_* flags132    @param backlog Passed to the listen() call to determine the length of the133       acceptable connection backlog.  Set to -1 for a reasonable default.134    @param addr The address to listen for connections on.135    @param socklen The length of the address.136  */137 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL138 struct evconnlistener *evconnlistener_new_bind(struct event_base *base,139     evconnlistener_cb cb, void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog,140     const struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen);141 /**142    Disable and deallocate an evconnlistener.143  */144 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL145 void evconnlistener_free(struct evconnlistener *lev);146 /**147    Re-enable an evconnlistener that has been disabled.148  */149 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL150 int evconnlistener_enable(struct evconnlistener *lev);151 /**152    Stop listening for connections on an evconnlistener.153  */154 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL155 int evconnlistener_disable(struct evconnlistener *lev);156 157 /** Return an evconnlistener‘s associated event_base. */158 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL159 struct event_base *evconnlistener_get_base(struct evconnlistener *lev);160 161 /** Return the socket that an evconnlistner is listening on. */162 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL163 evutil_socket_t evconnlistener_get_fd(struct evconnlistener *lev);164 165 /** Change the callback on the listener to cb and its user_data to arg.166  */167 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL168 void evconnlistener_set_cb(struct evconnlistener *lev,169     evconnlistener_cb cb, void *arg);170 171 /** Set an evconnlistener‘s error callback. */172 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL173 void evconnlistener_set_error_cb(struct evconnlistener *lev,174     evconnlistener_errorcb errorcb);175 176 #ifdef __cplusplus177 }178 #endif179 180 #endif
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定义的函数有以下几个:

evconnlistener_cb:函数指针类型,当有一个新连接到来时被回调。

evconnlistener_errorcb:函数指针类型,当有一个错误发生时被回调。

evconnlistener_new:基于一个给定的socket套接字描述符,返回一个struct evconnlistener对象,(要求描述符已经调用bind)

evconnlistener_new_bind:基于一个给定的sockaddr地址,返回一个struct evconnlistener对象;该函数会调用上面的函数。

evconnlistener_free:释放一个struct evconnlistener对象。

evconnlistener_enable:激活一个struct evconnlistener对象。

evconnlistener_disable:关闭一个struct evconnlistener对象。

evconnlistener_get_base:返回与该listener关联的event_base对象。

evconnlistener_get_fd:返回与该listener关联的socket描述符。

evconnlistener_set_cb:设置新连接到来时的回调函数。

evconnlistener_set_error_cb:设置发生错误时的回调函数。

数据结构:

 1 struct evconnlistener { 2     const struct evconnlistener_ops *ops; 3     void *lock; 4     evconnlistener_cb cb; 5     evconnlistener_errorcb errorcb; 6     void *user_data; 7     unsigned flags; 8     short refcnt; 9     int accept4_flags;10     unsigned enabled : 1;11 };12 13 struct evconnlistener_event {14     struct evconnlistener base;15     struct event listener;16 };

函数的实现:

我认为其中最需要花时间理解的函数只有两个:evconnlistener_new、listener_read_cb。

 1 struct evconnlistener * 2 evconnlistener_new(struct event_base *base, 3     evconnlistener_cb cb, void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog, 4     evutil_socket_t fd) 5 { 6     struct evconnlistener_event *lev; 7  8 #ifdef _WIN32 9     if (base && event_base_get_iocp_(base)) {10         const struct win32_extension_fns *ext =11             event_get_win32_extension_fns_();12         if (ext->AcceptEx && ext->GetAcceptExSockaddrs)13             return evconnlistener_new_async(base, cb, ptr, flags,14                 backlog, fd);15     }16 #endif17 18     if (backlog > 0) {19         if (listen(fd, backlog) < 0)20             return NULL;21     } else if (backlog < 0) {22         if (listen(fd, 128) < 0)23             return NULL;24     }25 26     lev = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct evconnlistener_event));27     if (!lev)28         return NULL;29 30     lev->base.ops = &evconnlistener_event_ops;31     lev->base.cb = cb;32     lev->base.user_data =http://www.mamicode.com/ ptr;33     lev->base.flags = flags;34     lev->base.refcnt = 1;35 36     lev->base.accept4_flags = 0;37     if (!(flags & LEV_OPT_LEAVE_SOCKETS_BLOCKING))38         lev->base.accept4_flags |= EVUTIL_SOCK_NONBLOCK;39     if (flags & LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_EXEC)40         lev->base.accept4_flags |= EVUTIL_SOCK_CLOEXEC;41 42     if (flags & LEV_OPT_THREADSAFE) {43         EVTHREAD_ALLOC_LOCK(lev->base.lock, EVTHREAD_LOCKTYPE_RECURSIVE);44     }45 46     event_assign(&lev->listener, base, fd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST,47         listener_read_cb, lev);48 49     if (!(flags & LEV_OPT_DISABLED))50         evconnlistener_enable(&lev->base);51 52     return &lev->base;53 }

总结起来这个函数就做个两件事:分配一个evconnlistener_event对象、初始化base成员和listener成员并激活该事件(evconnlistener_enable)。

这里需要注意到,初始化listener时传入的回调函数是listener_read_cb,而这个函数是在listener中定义的,而我们调用evconnlistener_new时传入的回调函数只是被赋值给了base.cb了,那么这个函数是怎么在新连接到来时被调用的呢?秘密就在listener_read_cb函数中,下面来看一下它的实现:

 1 static void 2 listener_read_cb(evutil_socket_t fd, short what, void *p) 3 { 4     struct evconnlistener *lev = p; 5     int err; 6     evconnlistener_cb cb; 7     evconnlistener_errorcb errorcb; 8     void *user_data; 9     LOCK(lev);10     while (1) {11         struct sockaddr_storage ss;12         ev_socklen_t socklen = sizeof(ss);13         evutil_socket_t new_fd = evutil_accept4_(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ss, &socklen, lev->accept4_flags);14         if (new_fd < 0)15             break;16         if (socklen == 0) {17             /* This can happen with some older linux kernels in18              * response to nmap. */19             evutil_closesocket(new_fd);20             continue;21         }22 23         if (lev->cb == NULL) {24             evutil_closesocket(new_fd);25             UNLOCK(lev);26             return;27         }28         ++lev->refcnt;29         cb = lev->cb;30         user_data = http://www.mamicode.com/lev->user_data;31         UNLOCK(lev);32         cb(lev, new_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ss, (int)socklen,33             user_data);34         LOCK(lev);35         if (lev->refcnt == 1) {36             int freed = listener_decref_and_unlock(lev);37             EVUTIL_ASSERT(freed);38 39             evutil_closesocket(new_fd);40             return;41         }42         --lev->refcnt;43     }44     err = evutil_socket_geterror(fd);45     if (EVUTIL_ERR_ACCEPT_RETRIABLE(err)) {46         UNLOCK(lev);47         return;48     }49     if (lev->errorcb != NULL) {50         ++lev->refcnt;51         errorcb = lev->errorcb;52         user_data = http://www.mamicode.com/lev->user_data;53         UNLOCK(lev);54         errorcb(lev, user_data);55         LOCK(lev);56         listener_decref_and_unlock(lev);57     } else {58         event_sock_warn(fd, "Error from accept() call");59         UNLOCK(lev);60     }61 }

首先可以从L29-L32看到,我们在调用evconnlistener_new时传入的回调函数被调用了,这里就解开了上面我说的那个秘密,这里其实是libevent对于回调加了一层处理,通过listener_read_cb间接回调我们设置的回调函数,这样可以在listener_read_cb中处理一些异常情况,例如:当异常发生时回调errorcb。

到这里listener就分析完了,上面说需要理解的就这两个函数是因为其他的函数都是功能函数,实现不复杂,而evconnlistener_new_bind函数其实是调用了evconnlistener_new函数的。

libevent源码分析:listener