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libevent源码分析:listener
listener是libevent封装的一个方便生成监听者的一组结构和函数,其中包括:
1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2000-2007 Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu> 3 * Copyright (c) 2007-2012 Niels Provos and Nick Mathewson 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 14 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 15 * 16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS‘‘ AND ANY EXPRESS OR 17 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 18 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 19 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 20 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 21 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 22 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 23 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 24 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 25 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 #ifndef EVENT2_LISTENER_H_INCLUDED_ 28 #define EVENT2_LISTENER_H_INCLUDED_ 29 30 #include <event2/visibility.h> 31 32 #ifdef __cplusplus 33 extern "C" { 34 #endif 35 36 #include <event2/event.h> 37 38 struct sockaddr; 39 struct evconnlistener; 40 41 /** 42 A callback that we invoke when a listener has a new connection. 43 44 @param listener The evconnlistener 45 @param fd The new file descriptor 46 @param addr The source address of the connection 47 @param socklen The length of addr 48 @param user_arg the pointer passed to evconnlistener_new() 49 */ 50 typedef void (*evconnlistener_cb)(struct evconnlistener *, evutil_socket_t, struct sockaddr *, int socklen, void *); 51 52 /** 53 A callback that we invoke when a listener encounters a non-retriable error. 54 55 @param listener The evconnlistener 56 @param user_arg the pointer passed to evconnlistener_new() 57 */ 58 typedef void (*evconnlistener_errorcb)(struct evconnlistener *, void *); 59 60 /** Flag: Indicates that we should not make incoming sockets nonblocking 61 * before passing them to the callback. */ 62 #define LEV_OPT_LEAVE_SOCKETS_BLOCKING (1u<<0) 63 /** Flag: Indicates that freeing the listener should close the underlying 64 * socket. */ 65 #define LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE (1u<<1) 66 /** Flag: Indicates that we should set the close-on-exec flag, if possible */ 67 #define LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (1u<<2) 68 /** Flag: Indicates that we should disable the timeout (if any) between when 69 * this socket is closed and when we can listen again on the same port. */ 70 #define LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE (1u<<3) 71 /** Flag: Indicates that the listener should be locked so it‘s safe to use 72 * from multiple threadcs at once. */ 73 #define LEV_OPT_THREADSAFE (1u<<4) 74 /** Flag: Indicates that the listener should be created in disabled 75 * state. Use evconnlistener_enable() to enable it later. */ 76 #define LEV_OPT_DISABLED (1u<<5) 77 /** Flag: Indicates that the listener should defer accept() until data is 78 * available, if possible. Ignored on platforms that do not support this. 79 * 80 * This option can help performance for protocols where the client transmits 81 * immediately after connecting. Do not use this option if your protocol 82 * _doesn‘t_ start out with the client transmitting data, since in that case 83 * this option will sometimes cause the kernel to never tell you about the 84 * connection. 85 * 86 * This option is only supported by evconnlistener_new_bind(): it can‘t 87 * work with evconnlistener_new_fd(), since the listener needs to be told 88 * to use the option before it is actually bound. 89 */ 90 #define LEV_OPT_DEFERRED_ACCEPT (1u<<6) 91 /** Flag: Indicates that we ask to allow multiple servers (processes or 92 * threads) to bind to the same port if they each set the option. 93 * 94 * SO_REUSEPORT is what most people would expect SO_REUSEADDR to be, however 95 * SO_REUSEPORT does not imply SO_REUSEADDR. 96 * 97 * This is only available on Linux and kernel 3.9+ 98 */ 99 #define LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE_PORT (1u<<7)100 101 /**102 Allocate a new evconnlistener object to listen for incoming TCP connections103 on a given file descriptor.104 105 @param base The event base to associate the listener with.106 @param cb A callback to be invoked when a new connection arrives. If the107 callback is NULL, the listener will be treated as disabled until the108 callback is set.109 @param ptr A user-supplied pointer to give to the callback.110 @param flags Any number of LEV_OPT_* flags111 @param backlog Passed to the listen() call to determine the length of the112 acceptable connection backlog. Set to -1 for a reasonable default.113 Set to 0 if the socket is already listening.114 @param fd The file descriptor to listen on. It must be a nonblocking115 file descriptor, and it should already be bound to an appropriate116 port and address.117 */118 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL119 struct evconnlistener *evconnlistener_new(struct event_base *base,120 evconnlistener_cb cb, void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog,121 evutil_socket_t fd);122 /**123 Allocate a new evconnlistener object to listen for incoming TCP connections124 on a given address.125 126 @param base The event base to associate the listener with.127 @param cb A callback to be invoked when a new connection arrives. If the128 callback is NULL, the listener will be treated as disabled until the129 callback is set.130 @param ptr A user-supplied pointer to give to the callback.131 @param flags Any number of LEV_OPT_* flags132 @param backlog Passed to the listen() call to determine the length of the133 acceptable connection backlog. Set to -1 for a reasonable default.134 @param addr The address to listen for connections on.135 @param socklen The length of the address.136 */137 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL138 struct evconnlistener *evconnlistener_new_bind(struct event_base *base,139 evconnlistener_cb cb, void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog,140 const struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen);141 /**142 Disable and deallocate an evconnlistener.143 */144 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL145 void evconnlistener_free(struct evconnlistener *lev);146 /**147 Re-enable an evconnlistener that has been disabled.148 */149 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL150 int evconnlistener_enable(struct evconnlistener *lev);151 /**152 Stop listening for connections on an evconnlistener.153 */154 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL155 int evconnlistener_disable(struct evconnlistener *lev);156 157 /** Return an evconnlistener‘s associated event_base. */158 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL159 struct event_base *evconnlistener_get_base(struct evconnlistener *lev);160 161 /** Return the socket that an evconnlistner is listening on. */162 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL163 evutil_socket_t evconnlistener_get_fd(struct evconnlistener *lev);164 165 /** Change the callback on the listener to cb and its user_data to arg.166 */167 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL168 void evconnlistener_set_cb(struct evconnlistener *lev,169 evconnlistener_cb cb, void *arg);170 171 /** Set an evconnlistener‘s error callback. */172 EVENT2_EXPORT_SYMBOL173 void evconnlistener_set_error_cb(struct evconnlistener *lev,174 evconnlistener_errorcb errorcb);175 176 #ifdef __cplusplus177 }178 #endif179 180 #endif
定义的函数有以下几个:
evconnlistener_cb:函数指针类型,当有一个新连接到来时被回调。
evconnlistener_errorcb:函数指针类型,当有一个错误发生时被回调。
evconnlistener_new:基于一个给定的socket套接字描述符,返回一个struct evconnlistener对象,(要求描述符已经调用bind)
evconnlistener_new_bind:基于一个给定的sockaddr地址,返回一个struct evconnlistener对象;该函数会调用上面的函数。
evconnlistener_free:释放一个struct evconnlistener对象。
evconnlistener_enable:激活一个struct evconnlistener对象。
evconnlistener_disable:关闭一个struct evconnlistener对象。
evconnlistener_get_base:返回与该listener关联的event_base对象。
evconnlistener_get_fd:返回与该listener关联的socket描述符。
evconnlistener_set_cb:设置新连接到来时的回调函数。
evconnlistener_set_error_cb:设置发生错误时的回调函数。
数据结构:
1 struct evconnlistener { 2 const struct evconnlistener_ops *ops; 3 void *lock; 4 evconnlistener_cb cb; 5 evconnlistener_errorcb errorcb; 6 void *user_data; 7 unsigned flags; 8 short refcnt; 9 int accept4_flags;10 unsigned enabled : 1;11 };12 13 struct evconnlistener_event {14 struct evconnlistener base;15 struct event listener;16 };
函数的实现:
我认为其中最需要花时间理解的函数只有两个:evconnlistener_new、listener_read_cb。
1 struct evconnlistener * 2 evconnlistener_new(struct event_base *base, 3 evconnlistener_cb cb, void *ptr, unsigned flags, int backlog, 4 evutil_socket_t fd) 5 { 6 struct evconnlistener_event *lev; 7 8 #ifdef _WIN32 9 if (base && event_base_get_iocp_(base)) {10 const struct win32_extension_fns *ext =11 event_get_win32_extension_fns_();12 if (ext->AcceptEx && ext->GetAcceptExSockaddrs)13 return evconnlistener_new_async(base, cb, ptr, flags,14 backlog, fd);15 }16 #endif17 18 if (backlog > 0) {19 if (listen(fd, backlog) < 0)20 return NULL;21 } else if (backlog < 0) {22 if (listen(fd, 128) < 0)23 return NULL;24 }25 26 lev = mm_calloc(1, sizeof(struct evconnlistener_event));27 if (!lev)28 return NULL;29 30 lev->base.ops = &evconnlistener_event_ops;31 lev->base.cb = cb;32 lev->base.user_data =http://www.mamicode.com/ ptr;33 lev->base.flags = flags;34 lev->base.refcnt = 1;35 36 lev->base.accept4_flags = 0;37 if (!(flags & LEV_OPT_LEAVE_SOCKETS_BLOCKING))38 lev->base.accept4_flags |= EVUTIL_SOCK_NONBLOCK;39 if (flags & LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_EXEC)40 lev->base.accept4_flags |= EVUTIL_SOCK_CLOEXEC;41 42 if (flags & LEV_OPT_THREADSAFE) {43 EVTHREAD_ALLOC_LOCK(lev->base.lock, EVTHREAD_LOCKTYPE_RECURSIVE);44 }45 46 event_assign(&lev->listener, base, fd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST,47 listener_read_cb, lev);48 49 if (!(flags & LEV_OPT_DISABLED))50 evconnlistener_enable(&lev->base);51 52 return &lev->base;53 }
总结起来这个函数就做个两件事:分配一个evconnlistener_event对象、初始化base成员和listener成员并激活该事件(evconnlistener_enable)。
这里需要注意到,初始化listener时传入的回调函数是listener_read_cb,而这个函数是在listener中定义的,而我们调用evconnlistener_new时传入的回调函数只是被赋值给了base.cb了,那么这个函数是怎么在新连接到来时被调用的呢?秘密就在listener_read_cb函数中,下面来看一下它的实现:
1 static void 2 listener_read_cb(evutil_socket_t fd, short what, void *p) 3 { 4 struct evconnlistener *lev = p; 5 int err; 6 evconnlistener_cb cb; 7 evconnlistener_errorcb errorcb; 8 void *user_data; 9 LOCK(lev);10 while (1) {11 struct sockaddr_storage ss;12 ev_socklen_t socklen = sizeof(ss);13 evutil_socket_t new_fd = evutil_accept4_(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ss, &socklen, lev->accept4_flags);14 if (new_fd < 0)15 break;16 if (socklen == 0) {17 /* This can happen with some older linux kernels in18 * response to nmap. */19 evutil_closesocket(new_fd);20 continue;21 }22 23 if (lev->cb == NULL) {24 evutil_closesocket(new_fd);25 UNLOCK(lev);26 return;27 }28 ++lev->refcnt;29 cb = lev->cb;30 user_data = http://www.mamicode.com/lev->user_data;31 UNLOCK(lev);32 cb(lev, new_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ss, (int)socklen,33 user_data);34 LOCK(lev);35 if (lev->refcnt == 1) {36 int freed = listener_decref_and_unlock(lev);37 EVUTIL_ASSERT(freed);38 39 evutil_closesocket(new_fd);40 return;41 }42 --lev->refcnt;43 }44 err = evutil_socket_geterror(fd);45 if (EVUTIL_ERR_ACCEPT_RETRIABLE(err)) {46 UNLOCK(lev);47 return;48 }49 if (lev->errorcb != NULL) {50 ++lev->refcnt;51 errorcb = lev->errorcb;52 user_data = http://www.mamicode.com/lev->user_data;53 UNLOCK(lev);54 errorcb(lev, user_data);55 LOCK(lev);56 listener_decref_and_unlock(lev);57 } else {58 event_sock_warn(fd, "Error from accept() call");59 UNLOCK(lev);60 }61 }
首先可以从L29-L32看到,我们在调用evconnlistener_new时传入的回调函数被调用了,这里就解开了上面我说的那个秘密,这里其实是libevent对于回调加了一层处理,通过listener_read_cb间接回调我们设置的回调函数,这样可以在listener_read_cb中处理一些异常情况,例如:当异常发生时回调errorcb。
到这里listener就分析完了,上面说需要理解的就这两个函数是因为其他的函数都是功能函数,实现不复杂,而evconnlistener_new_bind函数其实是调用了evconnlistener_new函数的。
libevent源码分析:listener