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一、Linux系统安装

2024-09-18 15:14:13   217人阅读

1.1 光盘安装

家用：内存 > 512M 硬盘 > 20G

桌面：内存 > 2G硬盘 > 60G

中型以上:内存 > 4G硬盘 > 120G

实验环境：

内存2G+硬盘128G+光盘CentOS6.6

欢迎界面-skip(跳过光盘检测)-简体中文-美国英语式-基本存储-Y忽略所有数据-

    主机名-亚洲/上海(UTC)-密码-替换现有Linux-W格式化-Desktop[可自定义磁盘分区]-重新引导

同意-建用户--时间-Kdump[内核崩溃转储，需足够大内存]

安装后设置：

1、vim /etc/inittab更改启动级别为3

2、修改网络配置文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

HWADDR=08:00:27:37:df:c9

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=55e3b1b2-0618-4ab0-bd0e-b25af465c7e2

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=no

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=192.168.124.200

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

DNS2=8.8.8.8

GATEWAY=192.168.124.1

DNS1=114.114.114.114

IPV6INIT=no

USERCTL=no

3、关闭防火墙及NetworkManager服务

# chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off

# chkconfig --level 2345 NetworkManager off

4、安装开发工具

# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

# yum makecache

# yum groupinstall "Development tools" "Server Platform Development" "Desktop Platform Development"

1.2 无人值守自动安装Liunx

    PXE + DHCP + TFTP(传输启动文件) + Kickstart(NFS共享)

        Kickstart:配置文件

    yum install system-config-kuckstart

    dhcp服务

# yum install dhcp

# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

            subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {

              range 172.16.0.100 172.16.0.200;

              option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;

              option routers 172.16.0.254;

              default-lease-time 600;

              max-lease-time 7200;

              next-server 172.16.0.254;

              filename "pxelinux.0";

            }

    tftp服务

# yum install tftp-server

# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 

disable= no

# yum install syslinux

# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/

# mount /dev/cdrom /media/

# cp /media/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img，vesamenu.c32,boot.msg} /var/lib/tftpboot/

# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg

# cp /media/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

                        label linux

                          menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system

                          menu default

                          kernel vmlinuz

                      append initrd=initrd.img ks=nfs:172.16.0.254:/ks/ks.cfg

# chmod 644 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

# service xinetd restart

# chkconfig xinetd on

# mkdir /ks/

# cp anaconda-ks.cfg /ks/ks.cfg

# chmod +r /ks/ks.cfg

# cat /etc/exports

        /ks172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0(ro)

        /media172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0(ro)

使用nfs服务

# cat /etc/exports

/ks172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0(ro)

/media172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0(ro)

# service nfs start

# chkconfig nfs on        

ks.cfg文件内容：

#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T

#version=DEVEL

# Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Use NFS installation media

nfs --server=172.16.0.254 --dir=/media

# Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$109zdhJX$uxT1K/ZNrv6SySSgGZjEt.

# System authorization information

auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512

# Use graphical install

graphical

firstboot --disable

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang zh_CN

# SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

# Installation logging level

logging --level=info


# System timezone

timezone  Africa/Abidjan

# Network information

network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel 

# Disk partitioning information

part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200

part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2000

part / --fstype="ext4" --size=20000



%packages

@base

@chinese-support

@core

@debugging

@basic-desktop

@desktop-debugging

@desktop-platform

@directory-client

@fonts

@general-desktop

@graphical-admin-tools

@input-methods

@internet-applications

@internet-browser

@java-platform

@legacy-x

@network-file-system-client

@office-suite

@print-client

@remote-desktop-clients

@server-platform

@server-policy

@workstation-policy

@x11

mtools

pax

oddjob

wodim

sgpio

genisoimage

device-mapper-persistent-data

abrt-gui

samba-winbind

certmonger

pam_krb5

krb5-workstation

libXmu

%end

1.3 无人值守自动安装Liunx

   PXE + DHCP + TFTP(传输启动文件) + Kickstart(http共享)

使用http服务

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://172.16.0.254/ks.cfg

cp /ks/ks.cfg /var/www/html/

cp -rf /media /var/www/html/

ks.cfg文件内容：

url --url="http://172.16.0.254/media"


1.4 cobbler自动安装Liunx


# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

# yum install cobbler tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd

2

# setenforce 0

# cobbler check

# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

server: 192.168.1.254

next_server: 192.168.1.254

manage_dhcp: 1

3

# mount /dev/cdrom /media/

# cobbler import --path=/media/ --name=CentOS6.6 --arch=x86_64

查看挂载情况

# cobbler distro list

4

# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

# cp /var/www/html/ks.cfg /etc/cobbler/sample.ks

5

同步配置

# cobbler sync

6

启动服务

# service xinetd start

# service dhcpd start

# service cobblerd start


一、Linux系统安装


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