1. Keep up with

            2. Catch up with

            3. Come up with 提出

            4. End up with 以…告终

            5. Put up with 忍受

            6. Make up for 补偿/填补

            7. Live up to 不辜负

            8. Turn up 出现

            9. Turn down 减少、拒绝

            10. Turn over 翻转

            11. Turn in 上缴

            12. Have access to sth

            13. Be used to doing sth

            14. Look forward to doing sth/sth

            15. Get down to sth.

            16. Lead to/contribute to…/attribute to…

            17. Be superior to

            18. Be inferior to

            19. Be senior to

            20. Be junior to

            21. Prior to sth.

            22. Range from… to…

            23. Be busy in

            24. Be busy doing sth

            25. Can’t help doing

            26. Feel like doing

            27. Have a good time (in )

            28. Have difficulty( trouble) (in)

            29. Spend /waste time(in)

            30. It’s no use doing sth

            31. There’s no point in

            32. In the way/by the way/ in no way

            33. It’s the first/second time that

            34. Catch sb doing sth

            35. Call off=cancel

            36. Have an influence on sth/sb

            37. Impose sth on sb.

            38. But for sth.

            39. Risk doing sth.

            40. Escape doing sth.

            41. Accuse sb of sth.

            42. Charge sb with sth.

            43. Be innocent of sth.

            44. Be alert to sth

            45. play a role/part in sth./doing sth

            46. be worth doing sth

            47. be worthy of doing sth

            48. keep/lose contact with sb.

            49. be second to none（首）

            50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone+名词/代词/动名词

            51. delay/ mind/ admit/ avoid/ anticipate/ consider/ contemplate/

            deny/ dislike/ fancy/ finish/ involve/ permit/ practice/ quit/ risk

            +doing

            52. adapt oneself to…

            53. have no objection to doing sth.

            54. be/get used to doing

            55. confess to

            56. contribute to

            57. devote to

            58. object to

            59. be opposed to

            60. resort to

            61. stick to

            62. take to

            63. turn out 生产/证明是

            64. a sheet of paper

            65. throw/cast light on 使明白/阐明

            66. response/ reply/ key/ attitude/ approach/ answer/ introduction

            /access /exposure /objection+to

            67. interfere in干涉

            68. interfere with妨碍

            69. What if…? 陈述语序

            70. be accustomed to/

            71. adhere to

            72. abide by

            73. cooperate with

            74. conform to

            75. dispose of

            76. apology to sb for sth.

            77. be thankful to/be grateful to sb

            78. restrain/ keep/ prevent /restrict /stop /protect /prohibit sb

            from sth/doing sth

            79. specialize in sth/doing sth.

            80. queue up

            81. acquaint sb with sth.

            82. familiarize sb with sth.

            83. correspond to sth

            84. correspond with sb.

            85. congratulate sb on sth

            86. dependence/dependant on sth

            87. be independent of sth.

            88. participate in sth

            89. be bound to

            90. cure sb of sth

            91. be of importance /significance/ value/

            92. beyond reach/power

            93. be lacking in

            94. be beneficial/ advantageous to sb.

            95. be attached to sth

            96. be assigned to

            97. find fault with sb

            98. in memory of sb.

            99. be absorbed in sth/doing sth

            100. be abundant in sth

            101. take sth into account /consideration

            102. relate sth to sb.

            103. remark on sth

            104. none other than

            105. so much as that

            106. Could have done

            107. Must have done

            108. Should have done

            109. Never/ seldom/ rarely/ hardly/ barely/ scarcely/ little/

            few位于句首引起主谓部分倒装。

            110. Lest/ in case/unless /suppose /as if/for fear that/on

            condition等词引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should)+动词原形

            111. Not so much…as 与其说…不如说

            112. It’s time that (过去式—)

            113. May just as well

            114. see to it that

            115. see to doing sth

            116. order/ ask/ demand/ command/ request/ require that+虚拟语气

英语四级中常见的四种逻辑关系总结

　  英语四级阅读只掌握词汇还是不够的，关键要学会分析句子成分，掌握各个句子之前的逻辑关系，这样才能顺利的理解文章的意思。下面是英语四级阅读中经常出现的四大逻辑关系，把握了它们就等于掌握了英语四级阅读解题技巧的一个重要部分。

　　不少考生提到在备考英语四级考试时，发现阅读中有不少句子超出自己的理解范围。对于这些句子，我们需要从语法的角度去完全把握。但是如果是在考试中遇到不能理解的句子时，考生比较偏向于一遍一遍地读句子，最后不但没读懂还浪费了时间，影响下面的答题。下面我们来看看英语四级阅读中常见四种逻辑关系的解析。

　　其实长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题。对于这样的题目，我们在不能读懂句子的情况下，能够把握的就是句子的内在关系，即逻辑。逻辑在解释句子题中的运用尤为重要，以前有学生反映，在考试中其实句子根本就不能读懂，而利用逻辑就能迅速排除选项，从而找到正确的答案。所以说，逻辑是我们英语四级阅读中的隐形解题帮手，考生们一定要尤为关注。

　　1. 因果关系

　　因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with

　　果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly

　　因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

　　隐性因果：

　　A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce

　　如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees.

　　在这段话中，有lead to表示了导致的意思，即结果，而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。

　　B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to

　　如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.”

　　在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。

　　C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply

　　D 考虑到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to

　　He succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort.

　　E 依赖于：rely on、depend on、resort to

　　He resorted to books when he had problems.

　　F 条件关系：when、once、as soon as、As long as

　　As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.

　　G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried.

　　2. 对比转折关系

　　A 对比：while、whereas、on the other hand

　　在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand，可以用来把握句间关系。

　　B 转折：but、although、nevertheless、however

　　转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一，掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。

　　3. 比较关系

　　A 同级比较 the same to

　　B 比较级：more than、-er than

　　C 变化：change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remain

　　D 差异：different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to

　　E 超越：surpass、exceed、excel、over

　　F 最高级，本身有最高级含义：maximum、minimum、peak、outstanding

　　G 本身程度比较深：amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively

　　H 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him.

　　从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。

　　4. 否定关系

　　显性否定：no、not、never、nor、none neither

　　隐形否定：fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of

　　否定前缀：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。

　　双重否定：not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。

　　准备英语四级的同学在平时的阅读练习中不妨多多留意句子中的逻辑关系，将以上的归纳知识运用到做题中去，对于理解文章大意将很有帮助。

新英语六级翻译题常用搭配116条