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浅析代理模式

概述

在面向对象系统中,有些对象因为某些原因(比方对象的创建开销非常大,或者某些操作须要安全控制),直接訪问会给使用者或者系统结构带来非常多麻烦,我们在訪问此对象时加上一个对此对象的訪问层,这样的方式被我们称做代理模式或者托付模式;而依据程序运行前代理类是否已经存在。我们又将代理分为静态代理和动态代理。

角色划分
- Subject抽象主题角色:抽象主题类能够是抽象类也能够是接口。它负责定义对外暴露的接口信息。
- RealSubject详细主题角色:也叫做被托付角色或者被代理角色,不折不扣的anonymous。


- Proxy代理主题角色:也叫做托付类或者代理类,它持有真实角色的引用,把全部抽象主题类定义的方法托付给真实主题角色。

模式类图

技术分享

静态代理

静态代理相对其它模式还是比較easy理解的,这里给出一个简单的demo帮助理解该模式概念。

抽象主题

public interface Subject {

    void request();
}

真实主题

class RealSubject implements Subject {

    private final static String TAG = RealSubject.class.getSimpleName();

    @Override
    public void request() {
        Log.d(TAG, "Real processing");
    }
}

主题代理


public class ProxySubject implements Subject {

    private final static String TAG = ProxySubject.class.getSimpleName();

    private Subject realSubject;

    public ProxySubject() {
        realSubject = new RealSubject();
    }

    @Override
    public void request() {
        Log.d(TAG, "other operation");
        realSubject.request();
        Log.d(TAG, "other operation");
    }
}

场景类

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    Button requestBtn;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        requestBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.request);
        requestBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                request();
            }
        });
    }

    private void request(){
        ProxySubject proxySubject = new ProxySubject();
        proxySubject.request();
    }
}

细想一下,每一个代理方法中都要反复真实主题代码,假设要想为多个类进行代理。则须要建立多个代理类,维护成本添加;倘若事先并不知道真实角色呢?这些问题能够通过动态代理解决。

动态代理

public class CCInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {

    private Object target;

    public CCInvocationHandler() {}

    public CCInvocationHandler(Object target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        Log.d(TAG, "other operation");
        Object obj = method.invoke(target, args);
        Log.d(TAG, "other operation");
        return obj;
    }
}
  • target 托付类对象。
  • InvocationHandler 该接口的实现负责连接代理类和托付类。
  • proxy 代理类对象。

  • method 代理对象被调用的函数。
  • args 代理对象被调用的函数的參数。
  • invoke函数中我们也能够通过对method做一些推断,从而对某些函数特殊处理。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private final static String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        CCInvocationHandler ccInvocationHandler = new CCInvocationHandler(new RealSubject());
        Subject operate = (Subject) (Proxy.newProxyInstance(Subject.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Subject.class},
                ccInvocationHandler));

        operate.request();

    }
}
  • loader 当前类的类载入器。

  • interfaces 托付类所实现的接口。
  • ccInvocationHandler InvocationHandler实现类对象,连接代理类和托付类的中间类对象。

我想你应该和我一样对此非常好奇,动态代理机制是怎么运作的,那就一探到底吧!

从Proxy.newProxyInstance()切入

    public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler invocationHandler)
            throws IllegalArgumentException {

        if (invocationHandler == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("invocationHandler == null");
        }
        Exception cause;
        try {
            return getProxyClass(loader, interfaces)
                    .getConstructor(InvocationHandler.class)
                    .newInstance(invocationHandler);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            cause = e;
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            cause = e;
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            cause = e;
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            cause = e;
        }
        AssertionError error = new AssertionError();
        error.initCause(cause);
        throw error;
    }

newProxyInstance代码段还是比較直观的,首先对invocationHandler做非空推断。之后把loader和interfaces传入getProxyClass()后获得代理类。然后拿到代理类的构造函数,最后将invocationHandler作为newInstance參数传入生成代理类对象。关于怎样得到代理类的呢?继续跟进getProxyClass()。

    public static Class<?> getProxyClass(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>... interfaces)
            throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (loader == null) {
            loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        }

        if (interfaces == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("interfaces == null");
        }

        // Make a copy of the list early on because we‘re using the list as a
        // cache key and we don‘t want it changing under us.
        final List<Class<?>> interfaceList = new ArrayList<Class<?

>>(interfaces.length); Collections.addAll(interfaceList, interfaces); // We use a HashSet *only* for detecting duplicates and null entries. We // can‘t use it as our cache key because we need to preserve the order in // which these interfaces were specified. (Different orders should define // different proxies.) final Set<Class<?

>> interfaceSet = new HashSet<Class<?>>(interfaceList); if (interfaceSet.contains(null)) { throw new NullPointerException("interface list contains null: " + interfaceList); } if (interfaceSet.size() != interfaces.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("duplicate interface in list: " + interfaceList); } synchronized (loader.proxyCache) { Class<?> proxy = loader.proxyCache.get(interfaceList); if (proxy != null) { return proxy; } } String commonPackageName = null; for (Class<?> c : interfaces) { if (!c.isInterface()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(c + " is not an interface"); } if (!isVisibleToClassLoader(loader, c)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(c + " is not visible from class loader"); } if (!Modifier.isPublic(c.getModifiers())) { String packageName = c.getPackageName$(); if (packageName == null) { packageName = ""; } if (commonPackageName != null && !commonPackageName.equals(packageName)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "non-public interfaces must be in the same package"); } commonPackageName = packageName; } } List<Method> methods = getMethods(interfaces); Collections.sort(methods, ORDER_BY_SIGNATURE_AND_SUBTYPE); validateReturnTypes(methods); List<Class<?>[]> exceptions = deduplicateAndGetExceptions(methods); Method[] methodsArray = methods.toArray(new Method[methods.size()]); Class<?>[][] exceptionsArray = exceptions.toArray(new Class<?>[exceptions.size()][]); String baseName = commonPackageName != null && !commonPackageName.isEmpty() ?

commonPackageName + ".$Proxy" : "$Proxy"; Class<?> result; synchronized (loader.proxyCache) { result = loader.proxyCache.get(interfaceList); if (result == null) { String name = baseName + nextClassNameIndex++; result = generateProxy(name, interfaces, loader, methodsArray, exceptionsArray); loader.proxyCache.put(interfaceList, result); } } return result; }

代码段略微有些长。那就一点点分析吧……

    if (loader == null) {
        loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
    }

假设传入的载入抽象主题的类载入器对象为null,就获取系统类载入器,关于类载入,我建议同学们有必要去了解一下,比方类的双亲委派机制,这些概念有助于理解动态载入apk文件。

      synchronized (loader.proxyCache) {
            Class<?> proxy = loader.proxyCache.get(interfaceList);
            if (proxy != null) {
                return proxy;
            }
      }

尝试从缓存中去代理类Class对象,假设存在须要的代理类Class对象则直接返回,否则继续运行。继续往下分析…

        String commonPackageName = null;
        for (Class<?

> c : interfaces) { if (!c.isInterface()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(c + " is not an interface"); } if (!isVisibleToClassLoader(loader, c)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(c + " is not visible from class loader"); } if (!Modifier.isPublic(c.getModifiers())) { String packageName = c.getPackageName$(); if (packageName == null) { packageName = ""; } if (commonPackageName != null && !commonPackageName.equals(packageName)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "non-public interfaces must be in the same package"); } commonPackageName = packageName; } }

假设interfaces中存在非public的接口。则全部非public接口必须在同一包以下。兴许生成的代理类也会在该包以下。

  String baseName = commonPackageName != null && !commonPackageName.isEmpty()
                ? commonPackageName + ".$Proxy"
                : "$Proxy";

得到代理类的类名

     Class<?> result;
     synchronized (loader.proxyCache) {
     result = loader.proxyCache.get(interfaceList);
     if (result == null) {
        String name = baseName + nextClassNameIndex++;
        result = generateProxy(name, interfaces, loader, methodsArray, exceptionsArray);
        loader.proxyCache.put(interfaceList, result);
     }
   }

generateProxy() native层实现,是JVM载入代理类并返回其Class对象,得到Class对象之后存入缓存。

  • 获取RealSubject上的全部接口列表。
  • 确定要生成的代理类的类名,默觉得:com.sun.proxy.$ProxyXXXX。
  • 依据须要实现的接口信息。动态创建该Proxy class文件。
  • 将字节码信息转换为相应的class对象。
  • 创建InvocationHandler实例handler,用来处理Proxy全部方法调用。

  • Proxy的class对象以创建的handler对象为參数。实例化一个proxy对象。

结语

  • 静态代理模式的使用场景比較常见,比方android appcompat体系或者说context体系。
  • 动态代理能够对代理类的函数做统一或特殊处理。比方全部函数运行前加入验证推断、对某个特殊函数进行特殊操作。

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浅析代理模式