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Trie树
Trie树,又名字典树、单词查找树,是一种树形结构,是哈希树的变种。主要用来进行统计、排序、保存大量的字符串。利用字符串的公共前缀减少查询时间,避免了无谓的字符串比较,查询效率比哈希表高,为log(len).
给出具体的C++实现:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int num_chars=26; class Trie { public: Trie():root(NULL){} ~Trie(); int search(const char* toSearch,char* entry) const; int insert(const char* toInsert,const char* entry); private: struct TrieNode { char* data; TrieNode* branch[num_chars]; TrieNode(); }; TrieNode* root; }; Trie::TrieNode::TrieNode() { data = NULL; for(int i=0;i<num_chars;++i) branch[i]=NULL; } int Trie::search(const char* toSearch,char* entry) const { TrieNode* location=root; char char_code; while(location!=NULL && *toSearch!=0) { if(*toSearch>=‘A‘&&*toSearch<=‘Z‘) char_code=*toSearch-‘A‘; else if(*toSearch>=‘a‘ && *toSearch<=‘z‘) char_code=*toSearch-‘a‘; else return 0; location=location->branch[char_code]; ++toSearch; } if(location!=NULL&& location->data !=NULL) { strcpy(entry,location->data); return 1; } return 0; } int Trie::insert(const char* toInsert,const char* entry) { int result=1; if(root==NULL) root=new TrieNode(); TrieNode* location=root; char char_code; while(location!=NULL && *toInsert !=0) { if(*toInsert>=‘A‘&&*toInsert<=‘Z‘) char_code=*toInsert-‘A‘; else if(*toInsert>=‘a‘ && *toInsert<=‘z‘) char_code=*toInsert-‘a‘; else return 0; if(location->branch[char_code]==NULL) location->branch[char_code]=new TrieNode(); location=location->branch[char_code]; ++toInsert; } if(location->data !=NULL) result=0; else { location->data=http://www.mamicode.com/new char[strlen(entry)+1]; strcpy(location->data,entry); } return result; } Trie::~Trie() { if(root!=NULL) { if(root->data!=NULL) delete root->data; for(int i=0;i<num_chars;++i) { if(root->branch[i]!=NULL) delete root->branch[i]; } delete root; } } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { Trie t; char entry[100]; t.insert("aa", "AA"); t.insert("aab","BB"); t.insert("aabc","CC"); t.insert("aabbd","DD"); t.insert("aabbdd","EE"); t.insert("bba","FF"); t.insert("bbaaa","GG"); t.insert("WANGWEI", "HH"); if (t.search("WANGWEI", entry)) cout<<"‘WANGWEI‘ was found. pos: "<<entry<<endl; if (t.search("aabbdd", entry)) cout<<"‘aabbdd‘ is found. pos: "<<entry<<endl; if (t.search("gg", entry)) cout<<"‘gg‘ is found. pos: "<<entry<<endl; else cout<<"‘gg‘ does not exist at all!"<<endl; if (t.search("aa", entry)) cout<<"‘aa was found. pos: "<<entry<<endl; return 0; }
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