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554554

$\bf命题1:$$(\bf{Bendixon判别法})$设$\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {{u_n}\left( x \right)} $为$\left[ {a,b} \right]$上的可微函数项级数,且$\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {{u_n}^\prime \left( x \right)} $的部分和函数列在$\left[ {a,b} \right]$上一致有界

证明:如果$\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {{u_n}\left( x \right)} $在$\left[ {a,b} \right]$上收敛,则必在$\left[ {a,b} \right]$上一致收敛

证明:由一致有界的定义知,存在$C>0$,使得对每个正整数$n$和每个$x \in \left[ {a,b} \right]$,有
\[\left| {\sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {{u_k}^\prime \left( x \right)} } \right| \le C\]
对任给$\varepsilon > 0$,取区间$\left[ {a,b} \right]$的等距分划$\left\{ {{x_0},{x_1}, \cdots ,{x_m}} \right\}$,使得当$m$充分大时,分划的细度\[\Delta {x_i} = \frac{{b - a}}{m} < \frac{\varepsilon }{{4C}}\]
由于$\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {{u_n}\left( x \right)} $在$\left[ {a,b} \right]$上处处收敛,则由$\bf{Cauchy收敛准则}$知,对任给$\varepsilon >0$,存在$N>0$,使得当$n>N$时,对任意正整数$p$和分划的每个分点${x_i}$,同时成立

\[\left| {\sum\limits_{k = n + 1}^{n + p} {{u_k}\left( {{x_i}} \right)} } \right| < \frac{\varepsilon }{2},i = 0,1, \cdots ,m\]
于是对任意$x \in \left[ {a,b} \right]$,不妨设$x \in \left[ {{x_{i - 1}},{x_i}} \right]$,由微分中值定理知,存在${\xi _i} \in \left( {x,{x_i}} \right)$,使得
\begin{align*}
\left| {\sum\limits_{k = n + 1}^{n + p} {{u_k}\left( x \right)} } \right| &= \left| {\sum\limits_{k = n + 1}^{n + p} {{u_k}\left( {{x_i}} \right)} + \sum\limits_{k = n + 1}^{n + p} {\left( {{u_k}\left( x \right) - {u_k}\left( {{x_i}} \right)} \right)} } \right|\\&
\le \left| {\sum\limits_{k = n + 1}^{n + p} {{u_k}\left( {{x_i}} \right)} } \right| + \left| {\sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {{u_k}^\prime \left( {{\xi _i}} \right)} } \right|\left| {x - {x_i}} \right|\\&
< \frac{\varepsilon }{2} + 2C\left| {x - {x_i}} \right| \le \frac{\varepsilon }{2} + \frac{\varepsilon }{2} = \varepsilon 
\end{align*}
从而由函数项级数一致收敛的$\bf{Cauchy准则}$即证