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第五次作业
本次作业内容：
1、写一个脚本，完成如下功能
(1) 传递一个磁盘设备文件路径给脚本，判断此设备是否存在；
(2) 如果存在，则显示此设备上的所有分区信息；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-01.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-01.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:Wangyafei
#
read -p "Please enter a disk device path:" path
while [ -z"$path" ];do
echo "Pleaseenter a correct disk device path."
read -p "Pleaseenter a disk device path:" path
done
if [ -b"$path" ];then
fdisk -l $path
else
echo "This isnot a disk device path."
fi
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-01.sh
Please enter a disk device path:/dev/sda
磁盘 /dev/sda：128.8 GB, 128849018880 字节，251658240个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000aaf3f
设备Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 4196352 96479231 46141440 8e Linux LVM
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-01.sh
Please enter a disk device path:/dev/sdb
磁盘 /dev/sdb：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x9a210386
设备Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 20973568 41945087 10485760 8e Linux LVM
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-01.sh
Please enter a disk device path:/dev/sdc
This is not a disk device path.
[root@wangyafei ~]#
2、写一个脚本，完成如下功能
传递一个参数给脚本，此参数为gzip、bzip2或者xz三者之一；
(1) 如果参数1的值为gzip，则使用tar和gzip归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中，并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.gz；
(2) 如果参数1的值为bzip2，则使用tar和bzip2归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中，并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.bz2；
(3) 如果参数1的值为xz，则使用tar和xz归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中，并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.xz；
(4) 其它任意值，则显示错误压缩工具，并执行非正常退出；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-02.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-02.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
[ -d /backups ] || mkdir /backups
read -p "pelase input a argu(gzip/bzip2/xz):" argu
case $argu in
gzip)
tar -Pzcf /backups/etc-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.gz /etc
;;
bzip2)
tar -Pjcf /backups/etc-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.bz2 /etc
;;
xz)
tar -PJcf /backups/etc-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar.xz /etc
;;
*)
echo "error compression tools"
;;
esac
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-02.sh
pelase input a argu(gzip/bzip2/xz):gzip
[root@wangyafei ~]# ls /backups
etc-20170318.tar.gz
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-02.sh
pelase input a argu(gzip/bzip2/xz):bzip2
[root@wangyafei ~]# ls /backups
etc-20170318.tar.bz2 etc-20170318.tar.gz
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-02.sh
pelase input a argu(gzip/bzip2/xz):xz
[root@wangyafei ~]# ls /backups
etc-20170318.tar.bz2 etc-20170318.tar.gz etc-20170318.tar.xz
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-02.sh
pelase input a argu(gzip/bzip2/xz):wangyafei
error compression tools
3、写一个脚本，接受一个路径参数：
(1) 如果为普通文件，则说明其可被正常访问；
(2) 如果是目录文件，则说明可对其使用cd命令；
(3) 如果为符号链接文件，则说明是个访问路径；
(4) 其它为无法判断；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-03.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-03.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
if [ $# -ne 1 ];then
echo "invalidargument, one argument"
exit 1
else
if [ -f $1 ];then
echo "generalfile,you can use ls ...."
elif [ -d $1 ];then
echo "folder,youcan use cd ....."
elif [ -L $1 ];then
echo "symbolic linkfile.........."
else
echo "sorry, i cannot judge..."
fi
fi
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-03.sh
invalid argument, one argument
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-03.sh /dev
folder,you can use cd .....
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-03.sh /backups/etc-20170318.tar.bz2
general file,you can use ls ....
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-03.sh /backups/?
sorry, i can not judge...
[root@wangyafei ~]#
4、写一个脚本，取得当前主机的主机名，判断
(1) 如果主机名为空或为localhost，或为"(none)"，则将其命名为mail.magedu.com；
(2) 否则，显示现有的主机名即可；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-04.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-04.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
while read line;do
hostname=$(echo $line | cut -d .-f1)
if [ $hostname =="localhost" -o $hostname =="(none)" ];then
echo"HOSTNAME=mail.magedu.com" > /etc/sysconfig/network
else
echo "The current hostname is:$line"
fi
done < /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-04.sh
The current host name is:wangyafei
5、写一个脚本，完成如下任务 ：
(1) 按顺序分别复制/var/log目录下的每个直接文件或子目录至/tmp/test1-testn目录中；
(2) 复制目录时，才使用cp -r命令；
(3) 复制文件时使用cp命令；
(4) 复制链接文件时使用cp -d命令；
(5) 余下的所有类型，使用cp -a命令；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-05.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-05.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
src=http://www.mamicode.com/var/log
dsrc=http://www.mamicode.com/tmp/test1-testn
[ -d $dsrc ] || mkdir $dsrc
echo "ready to copy file wait a moment please."
for i in ${src}/* ;do
if [ -d $i ];then
cp -r $i ${dsrc}/
elif [ -f $i ];then
cp -r $i ${dsrc}/
elif [ -l $i ];then
cp -d $i ${dsrc}/
else
cp -a $i ${dsrc}/
fi
done
echo -e "Operation completed!"
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-05.sh
ready to copy file wait a moment please.
Operation completed!
6、请详细描述CentOS系统的启动流程（详细到每个过程系统做了哪些事情）
Linux系统启动流程分析与关机流程 -Argorse - 51CTO技术博客 http://wangyafei.blog.51cto.com/4789821/1908149
7、为运行于虚拟机上的CentOS 6添加一块新硬件，提供两个主分区；
(1) 为硬盘新建两个主分区；并为其安装grub；
(2) 为硬盘的第一个主分区提供内核和ramdisk文件；为第二个分区提供rootfs；
(3) 为rootfs提供bash、ls、cat程序及所依赖的库文件；
(4) 为grub提供配置文件；
(5) 将新的硬盘设置为第一启动项并能够正常启动目标主机；
~]# fdisk/dev/sdb
~]# fdisk -l| grep sdb
Disk/dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 10 80293+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 11261020884500 83 Linux
~]# mke2fs-t ext4 /dev/sdb1
~]# mke2fs-t ext4 /dev/sdb2
~]# mount/dev/sdb1 /mnt
~]#grub-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb
Probingdevices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installationfinished. No error reported.
This is thecontents of the device map /mnt/boot/grub/device.map.
Check ifthis is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it andre-run the script `grub-install‘.
(fd0)/dev/fd0
(hd0)/dev/sda
(hd1)/dev/sdb
~]# cp/boot/initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img /mnt/initramfs
~]# cp/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 /mnt/vmlinuz
~]# vim/mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf
default=0
timeout=5
titleCentOS6(test)
root (hd0,0)
kernel/vmlinuz ro root=/dev/sdb2 selinux=0 init=/bin/bash
initrd/initramfs
~]# umount/dev/sdb1
~]# mount/dev/sdb2 /mnt
~]# mkdir -p/mnt/{bin,sbin,lib,lib64,etc,home,root,media,mnt,dev,tmp}
~]# mkdir -p/mnt/{usr/{bin,sbin,lib,lib64},var/{lib,lib64,log,local,cache},proc,sys,selinux}
~]# which ls
alias ls=‘ls--color=auto‘
/bin/ls
~]# whichbash
/bin/bash
~]# whichcat
/bin/cat
~]# cp/bin/{bash,ls,cat} /mnt/bin
~]# ldd/bin/{bash,ls,cat}|grep -Eo "/lib.*[[:space:]]"| sort -u
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
/lib64/libacl.so.1
/lib64/libattr.so.1
/lib64/libcap.so.2
/lib64/libc.so.6
/lib64/libdl.so.2
/lib64/libpthread.so.0
/lib64/librt.so.1
/lib64/libselinux.so.1
/lib64/libtinfo.so.5
~]# cp `ldd/bin/{bash,ls,cat}|grep -Eo "/lib.*[[:space:]]"| sort -u` /mnt/lib64
~]# sync
~]#init 6
8、写一个脚本
(1) 能接受四个参数：start,stop, restart, status
start: 输出“starting 脚本名 finished.”
...
(2) 其它任意参数，均报错退出；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-08.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-08.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author: wangyafei
#
cat <<EOF
script argument
======================================
start ) start the program ||
======================================
EOF
declare -i flag=0
read -p "Select the parameters to be operated: " ARGU
START="Starting the ${0} finished."
case $ARGU in
start)
echo "$START"
flag=0
;;
*)
echo "You select the wrongoption,${0} exit!"
exit 12 #wrong option
;;
esac
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-08.sh
script argument
======================================
start ) start the program ||
======================================
Select the parameters to be operated: start
Starting the week5-08.sh finished.
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-08.sh
script argument
======================================
start ) start the program ||
======================================
Select the parameters to be operated: stop
You select the wrong option,week5-08.sh exit!
[root@wangyafei ~]#
9、写一个脚本，判断给定的用户是否登录了当前系统；
(1) 如果登录了，则显示用户登录，脚本终止；
(2) 每3秒钟，查看一次用户是否登录；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-09.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-09.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
read -p "please input username:" username
until who | grep "\b$username\b" &>/dev/null ;do
echo "$username not login "
sleep 3
done
echo "$username login!!"
exit 0
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-09.sh
please input username:wangyafei
wangyafei not login
wangyafei not login
wangyafei not login
^Z
[3]+ 已停止 bash week5-09.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-09.sh
please input username:root
root login!!
[root@wangyafei ~]#
10、写一个脚本，显示用户选定要查看的信息；
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
非此四项选择，则提示错误，并要求用户重新选择，只到其给出正确的选择为止；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-10.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-10.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
choice=‘null‘
until [ $choice == ‘cpu‘ -o $choice == ‘mem‘ -o $choice == ‘disk‘ -o $choice ==‘quit‘ ];do
cat <<EOF
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
EOF
read -p "Input an option: "choice
choice=${choice:=‘null‘}
done
case $choice in
cpu)
cat /proc/cpuinfo
;;
mem)
free -mh
;;
disk)
fdisk -l
;;
quit)
echo "exit the script."
;;
esac
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-10.sh
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
Input an option: cpa
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
Input an option: cpu
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 94
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500CPU @ 3.20GHz
stepping : 3
microcode : 0x74
cpu MHz : 3191.663
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr paemce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ssht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts noplxtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fmacx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avxf16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ida arat pln pts dtherm hwphwp_noitfy hwp_act_window hwp_epp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt
bogomips : 6384.49
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48bits virtual
power management:
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 94
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6500CPU @ 3.20GHz
stepping : 3
microcode : 0x74
cpu MHz : 3191.663
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 1
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 1
initial apicid : 1
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr paemce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ssht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts noplxtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fmacx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avxf16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ida arat pln pts dtherm hwphwp_noitfy hwp_act_window hwp_epp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt
bogomips : 6384.49
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48bits virtual
power management:
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-10.sh
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
Input an option: disk
磁盘 /dev/sda：128.8 GB, 128849018880 字节，251658240个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000aaf3f
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 4196352 96479231 46141440 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/sdb：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x9a210386
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 20973567 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 20973568 41945087 10485760 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root：42.9 GB,42945478656 字节，83877888 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap：4294 MB,4294967296 字节，8388608 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1-real：7516 MB,7516192768 字节，14680064 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1：7516 MB,7516192768 字节，14680064 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/myvg-snaplv-cow：33 MB,33554432 字节，65536 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/myvg-snaplv：7516 MB,7516192768 字节，14680064 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1_bak-cow：3221 MB,3221225472 字节，6291456 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1_bak：7516 MB,7516192768 字节，14680064 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-10.sh
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
Input an option: mem
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1.9G 243M 1.4G 8.9M 343M 1.5G
Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-10.sh
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
Input an option: quit
exit the script.
[root@wangyafei ~]#
11、写一个脚本
(1) 用函数实现返回一个用户的UID和SHELL；用户名通过参数传递而来；
(2) 提示用户输入一个用户名或输入“quit”退出；
当输入的是用户名，则调用函数显示用户信息；
当用户输入quit，则退出脚本；进一步地：显示键入的用户相关信息后，再次提醒输出用户名或quit:
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-11.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-11.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
choice=‘null‘
until [ $choice == ‘quit‘ ];do
echo "input quit could exit thisprogram."
read -p "Input one user name:" choice
choice=${choice:=null}
if [ $choice != ‘quit‘ -a $choice !=‘null‘ ];then
id $choice &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
cat /etc/passwd |grep $choice|awk -v FS=: -v OFS=: ‘{print $1,$3,$6}‘
fi
fi
done
echo "quit!"
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-11.sh
input quit could exit this program.
Input one user name: wangyafei
wangyafei:1000:/home/wangyafei
input quit could exit this program.
Input one user name: root
root:0:/root
operator:11:/root
input quit could exit this program.
Input one user name: quit
quit!
[root@wangyafei ~]#
12、写一个脚本，完成如下功能（使用函数）
(1) 提示用户输入一个可执行命令的名字；获取此命令依赖的所有库文件；
(2) 复制命令文件至/mnt/sysroot目录下的对应的rootfs的路径上，例如，如果复制的文件原路径是/usr/bin/useradd，则复制到/mnt/sysroot/usr/bin/目录中；
(3) 复制此命令依赖的各库文件至/mnt/sysroot目录下的对应的rootfs的路径上；规则同上面命令相关的要求；
[root@wangyafei ~]# vi week5-12.sh
[root@wangyafei ~]# cat week5-12.sh
#!/bin/bash
#author:wangyafei
#
command_target_dir=/mnt/sysroot/
lib_target_dir=/mnt/sysroot/rootfs/
function copy
{
if $1 &>/dev/null;then
command=$(which $1 | tail -1)
cp $command $command_target_dir
echo "$1 copy finished"
for i in { $(ldd $command | cut -d"" -f3) };do
cp $i $lib_target_dir &>/dev/null
done
echo "$1 lib file copy finished"
else
echo "error input .."
fi
}
echo "input a command or quit forquit:"
read input
until [ $input == "quit" ];do
if [ cd $command_target_dir&>/dev/null -a cd $lib_target_dir &>/dev/null ] ;then
copy $input
else
mkdir -p $command_target_dir&>/dev/null
mkdir -p $lib_target_dir &>/dev/null
copy $input
fi
echo "you can input a command again orquit for quit:"
read input
done
[root@wangyafei ~]# bash week5-12.sh
input a command or quit for quit:
ls
ls copy finished
ls lib file copy finished
you can input a command again or quit forquit:
quit
[root@wangyafei ~]#
本文出自 “Argorse” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://wangyafei.blog.51cto.com/4789821/1908209
第五次作业